2. What Shapes An Ecosystem? Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving factors--amount of water, sunlight etc. Biotic Factors--The characters (All of the organisms in the community) Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving factors--amount of water, sunlight etc.

3. The Niche (The occupation of the organism) Also shapes the Ecosystem The Habitat (The organism’s address) The Niche (The occupation of the organism) Also shapes the Ecosystem The Habitat (The organism’s address)

4. Community Interactions Are forms of symbiosis that have a major affect on Ecosystems Competetion Predation Symbiosis--2 species live closely together-- There are 3 types-- 1) Mutualism--both + 2) Commensalism-- + 0 3) Parisitism-- + - Are forms of symbiosis that have a major affect on Ecosystems Competetion Predation Symbiosis--2 species live closely together-- There are 3 types-- 1) Mutualism--both + 2) Commensalism-- + 0 3) Parisitism-- + -

5. Competitive Exclusion Principle 2 species cannot occupy the same niche--Why? One will out-compete the other and exclude it May lead to resource partitioning-- (Warbler example) 2 species cannot occupy the same niche--Why? One will out-compete the other and exclude it May lead to resource partitioning-- (Warbler example)

8. Ecological Succession The changes that happen in a community over time, in the species composition Usually predictable Generally, 2 types (On land or in water) Primary Secondary The changes that happen in a community over time, in the species composition Usually predictable Generally, 2 types (On land or in water) Primary Secondary

9. Forest Succession in New England Primary--Begins with bare rock (After the Glaciers melted 10,000 yrs bp) (Pioneer Species) Lichens----> Break down rock, create soil Mosses----> Grasses & Herbs.---> Shrubs Primary--Begins with bare rock (After the Glaciers melted 10,000 yrs bp) (Pioneer Species) Lichens----> Break down rock, create soil Mosses----> Grasses & Herbs.---> Shrubs

13. THE END

14. Shade Intolerant Trees (Pioneers) White Pine, Fire Cherry, Grey Birch, White Spruce Shade Tolerant Trees (Climax species) Sugar Maple, Beech, Golden Birch, White Ash Shade Intolerant Trees (Pioneers) White Pine, Fire Cherry, Grey Birch, White Spruce Shade Tolerant Trees (Climax species) Sugar Maple, Beech, Golden Birch, White Ash

15. The, “Results” of Ecosystem Shaping Biomes--Unique flora (plants) and fauna (animals) Determined by climate and microclimate Major Biomes? About 10 Desert, Tundra, Grassland (Veldt), Taiga (Boreal) Forest, Deciduous Forest, Temperate Rain Forest, Tropical rain Forest, Savanna, Mediterranean Forest Biomes--Unique flora (plants) and fauna (animals) Determined by climate and microclimate Major Biomes? About 10 Desert, Tundra, Grassland (Veldt), Taiga (Boreal) Forest, Deciduous Forest, Temperate Rain Forest, Tropical rain Forest, Savanna, Mediterranean Forest

16. Aquatic Ecosystems & Biomes Freshwater -- Still (Lentic) Lakes, Wetlands Ponds, Moving (Lotic) Rivers and Streams Marine-- Estuaries--Where rivers meet the sea--The upper depths are freshwater and the lower depths are salt water Why? Freshwater -- Still (Lentic) Lakes, Wetlands Ponds, Moving (Lotic) Rivers and Streams Marine-- Estuaries--Where rivers meet the sea--The upper depths are freshwater and the lower depths are salt water Why?

18. Marine Ecosystems Intertidal Zone-- Area exposed and influenced by the tides Benthic Zone-- The bottom Pelagic Zone-- The open ocean Photic & Aphotic Zone-- Where light penetrates or is absent Intertidal Zone-- Area exposed and influenced by the tides Benthic Zone-- The bottom Pelagic Zone-- The open ocean Photic & Aphotic Zone-- Where light penetrates or is absent