3. The Neuron

4. Neuron II

5. Brain Parts

6. The Nervous System

7. The Endocrine System

8. More Brain Parts

9. $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Neuron I Neuron II Brain Parts The Nervous System The Endocrine System More Brain Parts

10. Covering of the axon that speeds up neural impulses

11. Myelin Sheath

12. Type of neuron that takes messages to the central nervous system

13. Sensory/Afferent

14. Type of neuron that processes information in the brain and spinal cord (CNS)

15. Interneuron

16. Location of receptor sites

17. Dendrites

18. Part of the neuron that contains neurotransmitters

19. Terminal buttons/presynaptic buttons

20. Phase of a neuron when it is polarized and ready to fire

21. Resting potential

22. Period where neuron is recharging and cannot release another action potential

23. Refractory Period

24. Type and location of ions when a neuron is ready to fire

25. Sodium (NA+) is outside of axon; Potassium (K+) is inside of axon

26. Type of cell that holds neurons in place, provide nourishment, and removes waste products; Also prevents harmful substances from passing the blood-brain barrier

27. Glial cells

28. Describe what happens electrochemically when a neuron fires (action potential)

29. Neuron becomes depolarized as NA+ ions flow into the neuron (happens step by step down neuron); K+ ions flow out of the neuron; Sodium-Potassium pump replaces ions in their “correct” spot

30. Sensory relay station (receives all sensory stimuli minus smell)

31. Thalamus

32. Life-support center: breathing, heart rate

33. Medulla

34. Helps us respond to situations based on our level of arousal; Alerts higher parts of the brain

35. Reticular Formation (also called Reticular Activating System)

36. “Little brain”; Balance, coordination, implicit procedural memories, judgment of time

37. Cerebellum

38. Registers and processes touch, taste, pain, and skin temperature

39. Sensory Cortex (in parietal lobe)

40. Components of the central nervous system

41. Brain and spinal cord

42. Division of the NS that transmits commands for voluntary movement from the CNS to the muscles

43. Somatic NS

44. Part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body down

45. Parasympathetic NS

46. List the changes that occur in the body when the sympathetic NS is activated

47. Pupils dilate, heart beat accelerates, lungs constrict, digestion systems inhibit digestion, adrenal gland releases adrenaline and noradrenaline (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

48. Term used to describe systems that work in opposition to each other (like the autonomic NS)

49. Opponent Process

50. The endocrine system releases these into the blood stream

51. Hormones

52. How are hormones different than neurotransmitters?

53. Slower, but more long lasting

54. The master gland that controls all other glands; works in concert with the hypothalamus

55. Pituitary gland

56. Gland that helps regulate energy level and metabolism in the body

57. Thyroid

58. Regulates the level of blood sugar in the blood

59. Pancreas

60. Involved in coordination of movement, sleep, arousal, and facial expressions (“bridge” between cerebral cortex and medulla)

61. Pons

62. Fear and aggression, detects threats

63. Amygdala

64. Band of neural tissue that connects the two hemispheres of the brain

65. Corpus callosum

66. In between brainstem and limbic system

67. Midbrain

68. Areas of the brain that are involved in higher mental functioning

69. Association areas