1. Bacteria Smallest and simplest organisms on the planet Smallest and simplest organisms on the planet Also the most abundant Also the most abundant 1 gram of soil has over 2.5 billion bacteria 1 gram of soil has over 2.5 billion bacteria

2. Bacteria Belong to either the Eubacteria or Archaebacteria kingdoms Belong to either the Eubacteria or Archaebacteria kingdoms Prokaryotes – single celled, no nucleus around their genetic material Prokaryotes – single celled, no nucleus around their genetic material

3. Kingdom Eubacteria Most bacteria are eubacteria Most bacteria are eubacteria Eubacteria has more individual organisms than any Eubacteria has more individual organisms than any other kingdom

4. Kingdom Archaebacteria Thrive in places where there are no other living things Thrive in places where there are no other living things Hot springs in Yellowstone, ice in Antarctica, 8 km below the Earth’s surface Hot springs in Yellowstone, ice in Antarctica, 8 km below the Earth’s surface Genetically different from Eubacteria Genetically different from Eubacteria

5. Bacteria Reproduction Binary Fission- simple cell division Binary Fission- simple cell division 1. Cell grows 2. DNA replicates and attaches to cell membrane 3. DNA and copy separates as the cell grows even larger 4. Cell splits in 2. Each new cell has a copy of the DNA

6. http://diverge.hunter.cuny.edu/~weigang/Images/06-11_binaryfission_1.jpg

7. Most bacteria thrive and reproduce at optimal environments (the best) Most bacteria thrive and reproduce at optimal environments (the best) Warm, moist environments Warm, moist environments If the conditions are unfavorable, some species form a thick, protective membrane If the conditions are unfavorable, some species form a thick, protective membrane Once the membrane is formed the bacteria is known as an endospore Once the membrane is formed the bacteria is known as an endospore

8. Shapes of Bacteria Coccus–spherical Coccus–spherical Bacilli – rod Bacilli – rod Spirilla-spiral Spirilla-spiral http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week7/20f/Slide2.gif http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week7/20f/Slide2.gif

9. Advantages of Shape Coccus – most resistant to drying out Coccus – most resistant to drying out Bacilli – large surface area to absorb nutrients Bacilli – large surface area to absorb nutrients Spirilla – least common, movement in a corkscrew fashion Spirilla – least common, movement in a corkscrew fashion

10. Eu are what Eu eat Eubacteria are classified by how they get food Eubacteria are classified by how they get food Most are consumers – obtaining nutrients from other organisms Most are consumers – obtaining nutrients from other organisms

11. Consumers Some consumers are decomposers – feed on dead organic matter Some consumers are decomposers – feed on dead organic matter Some consumers are parasitic – invade the body of another organism to get food Some consumers are parasitic – invade the body of another organism to get food

12. Eubacteria that aren’t comsumers Some are producers – make their own food Some are producers – make their own food These bacteria have chlorophyll and convert sun energy into food like plants These bacteria have chlorophyll and convert sun energy into food like plants Ex:Cyanobacteria Ex:Cyanobacteria

13. Cyanobacteria Bacterial producer Bacterial producer Live in aquatic environments Live in aquatic environments

14. Bacteria’s Role in the World Nitrogen fixing bacteria – consume nitrogen in the air and change it to a form that plants can use Nitrogen fixing bacteria – consume nitrogen in the air and change it to a form that plants can use Recycling – break down organic matter making nutrients available to other living things Recycling – break down organic matter making nutrients available to other living things

16. Bacteria’s Role in the World Cleaning up- used to combat pollution Cleaning up- used to combat pollution Bioremediation- use of bacteria and other microorganisms to change pollutants in harmless chemicals Bioremediation- use of bacteria and other microorganisms to change pollutants in harmless chemicals Clean up industrial, agriculture wastes and oil spills Clean up industrial, agriculture wastes and oil spills

17. Iron from acid run-off from mining can be treated on site to reduce and extract pollutants Iron from acid run-off from mining can be treated on site to reduce and extract pollutants

18. Antibiotics Medicines used to kill bacteria and other microorganisms Medicines used to kill bacteria and other microorganisms Some bacteria have been genetically engineered to make large quantities of antibiotics Some bacteria have been genetically engineered to make large quantities of antibiotics

19. Food Bacteria Lactic-acid bacteria – convert sugar in milk to lactic acid which is a preservative and adds flavor Lactic-acid bacteria – convert sugar in milk to lactic acid which is a preservative and adds flavor Used in sour dough bread, milk, cheese, yogurt, sour cream, sourkraut and pickles Used in sour dough bread, milk, cheese, yogurt, sour cream, sourkraut and pickles

20. Harmful Bacteria Pathogenic bacteria – cause diseases Pathogenic bacteria – cause diseases Examples Examples Dental cavities, ulcers, strep throat, food poisoning, bacterial pneumonia, Lyme disease, Tuberculosis, Typhoid fever Dental cavities, ulcers, strep throat, food poisoning, bacterial pneumonia, Lyme disease, Tuberculosis, Typhoid fever

21. Pathogenic Bacteria Bacteria invade host to obtain nutrients Bacteria invade host to obtain nutrients Cause damage in the process Cause damage in the process Almost all can be treated with antibiotics or vaccines Almost all can be treated with antibiotics or vaccines Can cause diseases in other organisms than humans Can cause diseases in other organisms than humans

22. Viruses Virus – microscopic particle that invade a cell and often destroys it Virus – microscopic particle that invade a cell and often destroys it Cause diseases such as the common cold, flu, and AIDS which is caused by the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Cause diseases such as the common cold, flu, and AIDS which is caused by the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

23. Viruses Incredibly tiny, smaller than bacteria Incredibly tiny, smaller than bacteria Viruses can’t live on their own Viruses can’t live on their own They don’t eat, grow or breathe They don’t eat, grow or breathe Reproduces inside a host Reproduces inside a host Host – organism that supports a parasite Host – organism that supports a parasite

24. Classifying Viruses Grouped by the type of disease they cause, life cycle, or genetic material they possess or shape Grouped by the type of disease they cause, life cycle, or genetic material they possess or shape

25. Lytic Cycle