1. We are the 92% http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1243288 16 November 2014, WSSSPE2, SC14, New Orleans, USA Neil Chue Hong (@npch), Software Sustainability Institute ORCID: 0000-0002-8876-7606 | N.ChueHong@software.ac.uk Where indicated slides licensed under Supported by Project funding from

2. World-leading research relies on software “Today there are very few science areas left which do not rely on IT and thus software for the majority of their research work. More importantly key scientific advances in experimental and observational science would have been impossible without better software.” Kersten Kleese van Dam Pacific Northwestern National Laboratory via change.org campaign “Scientific discovery and innovation are advancing along fundamentally new pathways opened by development of increasingly sophisticated software. Software is an integral enabler of computation, experiment and theory, and directly responsible for increased scientific productivity and enhancement of researchers' capabilities.” Dan Katz SI 2 Program Director, National Science Foundation

3. We don’t recognise these hundreds of thousands of researchers because we think they are the long tail… …and forget that they are the mainstream and we are the elite minority

4. Software isn’t special it’s mainstream Do you use research software? What would happen to your research without software Survey of researchers from 15 Russell Group unis conducted by SSI between Aug- Oct 2014. 406 respondents covering representative range of funders, discipline and seniority.

5. This isn’t just about the “traditional” sciences Survey of researchers from 15 Russell Group unis conducted by SSI between Aug - Oct 2014. 406 respondents covering representative range of funders, discipline and seniority.

6. And attitudes are changing… Survey of researchers from 15 Russell Group unis conducted by SSI between Aug - Oct 2014. 406 respondents covering representative range of funders, discipline and seniority. Overall

7. … which is changing the situation Survey of PhD students from Russell Group university conducted by SSI between Aug - Sep 2014. ~100 respondents covering representative range of discipline. PhD students

8. Even though a lot is still the same Survey of 138 University professionals conducted by SSI in Feb-Apr 2013.

9. £840m Investment in 2013-2014 financial year, an amount that has risen by 3% on average over last four years The cost of UK research that relies on software 30% Of total research investment has been spent on research which relies on software over the last four financial years Analysis of data from 49,650 grant titles and abstracts published on Gateway to Research covering 2010-2014.

10. The UK research community is just starting to understand the magnitude of the issue Survey of researchers from 15 Russell Group unis conducted by SSI between Aug - Oct 2014. 406 respondents covering representative range of funders, discipline and seniority. 56% Of UK researchers develop their own research software 71% Of UK researchers have had no formal software development training 140,000 UK researchers are relying on their own coding skills 4% Of jobs advertised in UK universities were software related

11. If 92% of researchers care about software… … and WSSSPE is about caring about software … … what are we going to do to help researchers?

12. Sustainability With apologies to Greg Wilson: http://software-carpentry.org/blog/2013/10/you-keep-using-that-word.html

13. We can talk all day about the best ways of achieving sustainability But what are we going to do to make it actually sustainable?

14. Career Paths in UK Careers outside academic sector Non-university Research (industry, government etc.) ProfessorPermanent Research Staff Early Career Research PhD students Source: The Scientific Century, Royal Society, 2010 (revised to reflect first stage clarification from “What Do PhD’s Do?” study) UK STEM graduate career paths

15. Who are the people we need to persuade? What are the incentives we need to put in place? How are we going to show that the work we present here has benefit to the 92%?

16. We are all the 92% and we can change the world if we want Many thanks to Simon Hettrick, Mario Antonioletti, Steve Crouch Alexander Hay and Tim Parkinson who conducted the research http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1243288