1. Vocabulary Review Ch 8 – Cell Reproduction

2. Structures in a eukaryotic cell’s nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein Chromosome

3. Type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells, but not prokaryotic cells Histone

4. One of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis Chromatid

5. The region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis Centromere

6. The material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes; a complex of proteins and DNA strands that are loosely coiled such that translation and transcription can occur Chromatin

7. One of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual Sex Chromosome

8. Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome Autosome

9. Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis Homologous Chromosome

10. A graphical display that shows an individual’s chromosomes arranged in homologus pairs and in order of diminishing size Karyotype

11. A cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes Diploid

12. Describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes Haploid

13. A form of asexual reproduction in single- celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size Binary Fission

14. A process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes Mitosis

15. Reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent Asexual Reproduction

16. Process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in production of sex cells Meiosis

17. A haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote Gamete

18. Period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins Interphase

19. Division of the cytoplasm of a cell; follows the division of the cell’s nucleus by mitosis or meiosis Cytokinesis

20. First stage of mitosis and meiosis in cell division; characterized by the condensation of the chromosomes and the dissolution of the nuclear envelope Prophase

21. One of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists in the movement of chromosomes Spindle fiber

22. One of the stages of mitosis and meiosis, during which all of the chromosomes move to the cell’s equator Metaphase

23. Phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes separate Anaphase

24. Final stage of mitosis or meiosis, during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes Telophase

25. The precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two Cell plate

26. The pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis Synapsis

27. The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis Tetrad

28. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination Crossing-over

29. The regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic makeup that is different from that of the parents Genetic Recombination

30. The random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes Independent assortment

31. The process by which male gametes form Spermatogenesis

32. The production, growth, and maturation of an egg, or ovum Oogenesis

33. A short-lived product of the formation of gametes by meiosis Polar body

34. Reproduction in which gametes from two parents unite Sexual reproduction