1. SimMillennium Project Overview David E. Culler Computer Science Division U.C. Berkeley NSF Site Visit March 2, 1998

2. SimMillennium Overview2 The Vision To work, think, and study in a computationally rich environment with deep information stores and powerful services –test ideas through simulation –explore and investigate data and information –share, manipulate, and interact through natural actions Organized in a manner consistent with the University setting

3. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview3 SimMillennium Project Goals Enable major advances in Computational Science and Engineering –Simulation, Modeling, and Information Processing becoming ubiquitous Explore novel design techniques for large, complex systems –Fundamental Computer Science problems ahead are problems of scale Develop fundamentally better ways of assimilating and interacting with large volumes of information –and with each other Explore emerging technologies –networking, OS, devices

4. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview4 Goals of this talk Components of the Project –Community –Cluster-based Resouces –Connectivity –User Interaction –Computational Economics Specific Infrastructure Research Agenda

5. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview5 Component 0: Community An inter-disciplinary community with common interests and shared view of the future –strong momentum in computational science and engineering => Session II –Members of 17 campus units and NERSC in Intel Millennium –Need and commitment required for participation –Key subset represented in this proposal

6. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview6 Component 1: Resources (Millennium) An environment with vast cluster-based computing power and storage (CLUMPS) behind a personal 3D desktop NT 3D Desktop Group Cluster of SMPs Dept. SMP Campus Cluster

7. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview7 Resource Component Support Computers via Intel Technology 2000 grant –200 NT desktops – 16 department 4-way SMPs – 8 5x4 Group Clusters, – 1 ~100x4 Campus Cluster –PPro => Pentium II => Merced Additional storage via IBM SUR grant –0.5 TB this year => 4 TB NT tools via Microsoft grant Solaris x86 tools via SMCC grant Campus provides Technical staff Research provides the prog. and system support 200 Gflop/s 150 GB memory 8 TB disk

8. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview8 Key NSF investment: Cluster Network Transforms large collection of individual resources into a powerful system –can be focus on a problem High Bandwidth –scales with the number of processors (Gb/s per proc) Low Latency Low Overhead Low Cost Simple and Flexible Almost no errors Low Risk Today: Myrinet

9. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview9 Cluster Research Agenda Applications grow into resources –huge range of needs –require Algorithmic Innovation, Prog. Tools, & Performance Dealing Deep Memory Hierarchy –New numerical algorithms on CLUMPs –New compiler techniques for parallel object language Fast Multi-protocol Communication Global system at large scale –Unix vs. NT, single system image vs. objects Exciting technology turnover –VIA, SANs, Gigabit Ethernet => Session III

10. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview10 Campus Support Enables Research Technical staff develop and deploy common solution and environment –networked systems designer –unix-based programmer and cluster system admin. –NT-based programmer and tools Technical computing software developed jointly with NERSC Participating departments provide system administration and construction costs.

11. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview11 Component 2: Connectivity Create a richly interconnected pool of resources owned by members of the community –Enable transportation of huge data sets and computation –Enable remote visualization and collaboration –Enable extensive sharing of resources Expand networking technology Campus Cluster CS Cluster EE Cluster CE Cluster ME Cluster Astro/Phys Cluster xport Cluster BIO Cluster Econ/Math Cluster

12. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview12 NSF Investment: Inter-cluster network Gigabit Ethernet connecting group clusters and campus cluster Bay Networks provides 70% discount Campus provides fiber plant, maintenance, and staff

13. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview13 Physical Connectivity

14. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview14 Inter-Cluster Research Agenda Vastly expands the scope of systems challenge –integrate well-connected resources according application needs, rather than physical packaging –resource allocation, management, and administration Network bandwidth matches display BW –Protocols and run-time sys. for visualization, media transport, interaction, and collaboration. Community can share non-trivial resources while preserving sense of ownership –Bandwidth translates into efficiency of exchange –Data can be anywhere Important networking technology in its own right. –Layer 3 switching, QoS, VLan => Session III, V

15. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview15 Component 3: User Interaction High-quality 3D graphics emerging on cost- effective platforms –desktops and dedicated cluster nodes –NERSC team provides modern scientific visualization support Gigabit network allows this to be remote. New displays create “workbench” environment where large volumes of information can be viewed and manipulated. Trackers and Haptic interfaces greatly enhance degrees of user input –3D capture

16. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview16 NSF Investment: UI Technology Two Projection Table –large field of view in horizontal (or vertical) orientation Phantom Haptic Interface –3D force feedback Motion Tracker – untethered position 3D Shutter Glasses –low cost visualization

17. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview17 User Interaction Research Agenda Expand access to 3D visualization –Explore any data anywhere –Ease development Develop lab-bench metaphor for Viz –two hands, physical icons Fast prototyping and exchange through Informal Interfaces –sketching Dealing with large volumes of information –lenses, brushing and linking 3D collaboration and interaction => Session VI

18. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview18 Component 4: Computational Economy How is this vast, integrated pool of resources managed? Traditional system approach: empower global OS to provide “optimal” allocation to blind applications –predefined metric, tuned to fixed workload –ignores the inherent adaptation of demand Computer Center –charge => director-to-user feedback according to cost Economic view: decentralized allocation according to perceived value –pricing => user-to-user feedback –compatible niches,sense of control, cooperation –idea has been around, why now?

19. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview19 Research Agenda Natural fit to academic structure –members want control over own resources, and each has varying needs that far exceed dedicated resources –incentive for maintaining resources up to par Address partial or delayed information, component failure, and user satisfaction from the start Framework for elevating design from resources to services Rich body of theory, little empirical validation –experts in several parts of the community New paradigm for algorithms & perf. Analysis Complex, large-scale systems

20. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview20 Basic Approach Desktop an active agent conducting automated negotiation for resources Servers provide resources to highest bidders –monitor usage and enforce limits within remote execution environment –placement based on economic advantage Higher level system functions are self-supporting –resource availability, brokering, directories Useful applications packaged as services –may charge more than resources cost

21. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview21 NSF Investment: Staff Support Provide enabling technology and let it evolve –monitoring, enforcement –exchange –negotiation tools Integrate it into users enviroment Tools and measurements to determine effectiveness

22. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview22 Integrated Research Agenda Advance the State of Computational Science and Engineering –immerse a community in a computationally rich environment with the right tools: algorithms, programming & system support –Path to exploiting novel techniques and technology Explore design techniques for robust large-scale distributed systems –economic (or ecologic) approach Explore new ways of interacting with information –large paste-ups, two hands, sketching, 3D collaboration Investigate new technology –SMP nodes, gigabit Ethernet, SANs, VIA –NT, dCOM, Java beans, directory services –workbench displays, 3D icons, haptics, position sensors

23. March 2, 1998SimMillennium Overview23 Perspective Highly leveraged investment in a large scale infrastructure for studying problems of scale Deep commitment across the campus Sense of ownership and participation Rich research agenda