1. Properties electrolytes turn litmus red sour taste react with metals to form H 2 gas slippery feel turn litmus blue bitter taste ChemASAP vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda electrolytes

2. Definitions  In aqueous solution… HCl + H 2 O  H 3 O + + Cl – Acids Acids dissociate into hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) H HHHH H Cl OO – + acid Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

3. Definitions  In aqueous solution… Bases Bases dissociate into hydroxide ions (OH - ) NH 3 + H 2 O  NH 4 + + OH - H H H H H H N NO O – + H H H H base Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

4. Common Acids Sulfuric AcidH 2 SO 4 Nitric AcidHNO 3 Phosphoric AcidH 3 PO 4 Hydrochloric AcidHCl Acetic Acid CH 3 COOH Carbonic Acid H 2 CO 3 Battery acid To make fertilizers and explosives Food flavoring Stomach acid Vinegar Carbonated water

5. Common Bases Sodium hydroxideNaOHlye or caustic soda Potassium hydroxideKOHlye or caustic potash Magnesium hydroxideMg(OH) 2 milk of magnesia Calcium hydroxideCa(OH) 2 slaked lime Ammonia waterNH 3 H 2 Ohousehold ammonia Name Formula Common Name. NH 4 OH NH 4 1+ + OH 1- ammonium hydroxide

6. Strong vs. Weak Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 508

7. Acid-Base Neutralization 1+ 1- ++ Hydronium ion Hydroxide ionWater H3O+H3O+ OH - H2OH2O Water H2OH2O Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter 3rd Edition, page 584

8. Neutralization of Bug Bites Wasp - stings with base (neutralize with lemon juice or vinegar) Red Ant - bites with acid (neutralize with baking soda)

9. Neutralization ACID + BASE  SALT + WATER HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H 2 O HC 2 H 3 O 2 + NaOH  NaC 2 H 3 O 2 + H 2 O weak strong salt Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem