1. The Thirty Years War Yes it was actually 30 years Unlike the 100 Years War, which was actually 116 years (1337-1453) Often misunderstood in terms of its devastation

2. P&T Review Treaty of Cateau- Cambresis Concordat of Bologna French Henrys Catherine de Medici Huguenots Saint Bart’s. Massacre Politiques Edict of Nantes 30 YW Defenestration of Prague Wallenstein Gustavus Adolphus Protestant Union Catholic League Peace of Westphalia

3. Essay Prompt Evaluate the relative importance of the religious rivalries and dynastic ambitions that shaped the course of the Thirty Years War. – Religious Rivalries Catholics vs. Protestants (Calvinists) – Dynastic Ambitions Habsburgs, French, Spanish (Major players) Sweden, Denmark, Dutch, H.R.E., German Princes, England

4. Peasants Uprising in Germany Crop failures in 1523-24 German lords seize land Raise taxes on peasants Return to feudal practices What was Luther’s response? 75,000 killed

5. Religious Violence Treaty of Cateau- Cambresis – Ends Habs.-Valois Wars Dutch violence – Duke of Alva and Charles V – Council of Blood – Result??? Peace of Augsburg – 1555 Princes choose religion – Failure

6. Church reform: Catholic Ref. or Counter Ref. Pope Paul III – How did he reform? – Abolished slavery and called the C. of T. Council of Inquisition – 1542 eradication of heresy – Index of Prohibited Books Council of Trent – 1545-1563 – Was it a success? New Religious Orders – Purpose? – Teresa of Avila – Ignatius Loyola

7. French chaos Concordat of Bologna – 1516 St. Bart’s Day massacre – Catherine de Medici – 1572 (15 yr civil war) Henry IV (War of the 3 Henrys) – “Paris is worth the mass” Huguenots Politiques Edict of Nantes

8. Opening Phase – “Bohemia” (1618-25) Catholic League – King Max. of Bavaria Ferdinand of Styria – Ardent Catholic – Habsburg – Later becomes HRE 1619 – 1617 King of Bohemia – Freaks out the Calvinists Protestant Union May 1618 throw Ferdinand’s officials out the window – start of armed conflict Defen. Of Prague Declare Frederick V new King of Bohemia First phase ends w/Catholic victory

9. Map

10. Danish Phase (1625-1629) King Christian IV of Denmark intervenes to support Protestants against Ferdinand – Prince of the HRE (Holstein) Ferdinand allies with Wallenstein – Raise an army of 50,000 Treaty of Lubeck 1629 – Christian out; promises not to intervene Catholic forces prevail

12. Swedish Phase (1630-35) Catholic victories alarm Protestants and the French. Why would the French care? Gustavus Adolphus comes to the rescue France signs alliance and joins against Habsburgs??? WTHeck Back and forth fighting – ultimately G.A. and Wallenstein die in battle Treaty of Prague 1635 – All parties exhausted – Left Hab. Slightly stronger

14. French Period (1635-48) Richelieu wants Alsace and to weaken the Haps. Fighting goes back and forth until Spain is defeated – France commits fully to war HRE dies, Richelieu dies, slow negotiation for peace

16. Peace or Treaty of Westphalia 1648 Winners – France BIG TIME – Sweden – Brandenburg – Dutch Republic recognized – Switzerland recognized – Germany can make treaties and alliances – Expands P.of Augsburg More religious freedom Losers – H.R.E. – Catholics – Hapsburg Spain isolated

18. Results of the 30 YW Massive destruction of Germany – Mercenaries, foreign armies, battle Huge population losses Disruption in all facets of life – Farming, trade, economies, families, politics… Germany was a wasteland for generations trying to recover

19. Population loss

20. The New HRE

21. Villagers ambushed Caravans looted

22. Pod thesis Write your thesis including all components – – Evaluate the relative importance of the religious rivalries and dynastic ambitions that shaped the course of the Thirty Years War. – What is your claim? (Where on the spectrum) – What is your evidence? (Keep it tight) – What is your warrant? (So What – To what effect)