1. Acids and Bases

2. Acid: A compound that when written, generally has hydrogen written first Produces hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) when dissolved in water

3. Properties: 1. Sour taste 2. Corrosive (example car battery) 3. Turns litmus paper red (litmus paper is as indicator of an acid or base)

4. 1. Sulfuric Acid (H 2 SO 4 ) Most widely used chemical in the world Used in car batteries Dehydrating agent, removes water 2. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Cleaning agent 3. Phosphoric Acid H 3 PO 4 Fertilizers Detergents

5. 4. Nitric Acid HNO 3 Explosives Fertilizers 5. Carbonic Acid H 2 CO 3 Carbonated beverages, ex. soda

6. Generally contains the polyatomic hydroxide A compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water Properties Bitter taste Slippery feel Corrosive (example drain cleaner) Turns Litmus paper blue

7. 1. Ammonia NH 3 Cleaners, fertilizers Irritates nasal passages 2. Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 Leather production 3. Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Soap making Drain cleaner

8. The reaction which involves an acid and a bases is called neutralization When they combine they produce a salt – a neutral compound

9. Acid and Bases ionize, this means they break apart into ions Acids – produce the hydronium ion (H 3 O + ) when they break apart (proton donor) Ex.

10. Bases: produce the hydroxide ion (OH-) when they break apart (proton acceptor) Ex.

11. Strong: Completely breaks apart or dissolves in water Weak: only partly ionize in solution Strong and weak refer to how easy an acid or base forms a solution Strong acids and bases are also know as electrolytes because they dissociate or ionize when placed in water

12. Measures concentration The scale is from 0 to 14 Below seven is an acid Above seven is a base The lower the pH, the stronger the acid The higher the pH, the stronger the base. 0 7 14 Acids Bases Neutral