1. Department of Bioengineering Instron Uniaxial Tensile Testing and Image Analysis of Suture Performance in Chicken Skin 102B 5 Bari Dane Megan Liszewski Anthony So

2. Department of Bioengineering Background: This experiment combines the properties of chicken skin and image analysis labs. In these experiments, the optimal Instron sampling occurred with a cross head speed of 50mm/min and maximum sampling rate of 20pts/sec. This will be used to apply force to a cut sutured with interrupted stitches separated by 1/8in. A video camera that takes 20 fps is needed. Hypothesis(es) & Aim(s) or Objective(s): The non-biodegradable suture, silk, in chicken skin under tensile load will more tightly seal a cut at a greater ultimate load than a biodegradable suture, catgut, will under the same conditions. The load is applied when the Instron cross head moves at a rate of 50mm/min. A video camera that takes 20 fps will be used in conjunction with the Instron to correlate the load and deformation experienced by the chicken skin and stitches with the precise location of deformation on the sample. 102B_5

3. Department of Bioengineering Methods & Protocol: 1.Cut 10 chicken skin specimens measuring 2.54cm x 5.08cm (1in x2in). 2.Cut one sample in half so that both new halves measure 2.54cm x2.54cm. 3.Suture the two halves together using 3 interrupted stitches of catgut spaced.32cm (1/8in) apart. 4.Place sample in Instron so that the cut is perpendicular to the direction of loading. 5.Load sample at a rate of 50mm/min with a sampling rate of 20pts/sec while recording the test with a video camera that takes 20fps. Make sure to begin recording and loading simultaneously. 6.Repeat steps 2-5 for four more samples. 7.Repeat steps 2-6 using silk suture instead of catgut. 8.Create force-displacement and stress-strain curves for each Instron loaded specimen and compare with the video to determine which suture type more successfully sealed the cut and sustained a greater ultimate load. 102B_5

4. Department of Bioengineering Proposed Deliverables/Findings: The advantage of biodegradable sutures is that a patient does not have to revisit the doctor to have stitches removed. However, in substituting biodegradable sutures for non-biodegradable sutures, it is possible that performance is being sacrificed for convenience. To determine if this is the case, measurements of ultimate strength and deformation at this strength can be determined from the Instron. Deformation will be distributed throughout the chicken skin as either a change in cut width or as a stretch in the suture hole. Since suture success is defined based on changes in cut width and ultimate strength, the deformation of the cut width should be measured from the image at the time of ultimate strength. These measurements can be compared between trials to determine the substitutability of biodegradable and non-biodegradable sutures using unpaired t- tests. 102B_5

5. Department of Bioengineering Potential Pitfalls: A possible difficulty in this experiment is that greater ultimate strength and smaller cut width might occur in different suture types, offering no conclusion about suture success using the definition of success provided. It is known that deformation in the chicken skin is also expressed by stretching out the suture hole. If all deformation is in the form of stretching the suture hole, the definition of suture success used would yield no significant result. An alternate definition, perhaps involving total deformation of the chicken skin at ultimate strength would need to be used. Also, due to the inconsistent thickness of the chicken skin, it is possible that different areas sustain more load and deform less than others, thus skewing results. It is known that biodegradable sutures are absorbed over time. This experiment tests these sutures before any degradation can occur, which could be a central issue to assess the performance of the suture. Finally, it may be difficult to successfully implement the stitches, due to lack of suturing experience. 102B_5

6. Department of Bioengineering Equipment/Materials and Budget & Justification: 102B_5 Sutures from Harrell Medical, Inc. 3-0 Plain Catgut CP Medical Sutures 27 inch, FS-2 (needle) Product ID: 822PG Cost: $29.00 + $9.00 (shipping) 3-0 Black Silk CP Medical Sutures 18 inch, FS-2 Product ID: 77725 Cost: $24.00 + $9.00 (shipping) Video Camera Equipment MV320 Digital Video Camera from Microtek 20fps with 640 x 480 resolution Cost: $199.99 + $9.50 (shipping) Win DVD Creator 2 Platinum Cost: $69.95 (download) Catgut is a natural biodegradable suture and silk is a natural non- biodegradable suture. These sutures are the same size, are both natural, and are still commonly used today, allowing for a practical comparison between suture materials. This particular camera is needed to visualize the deformation of chicken skin and sutures during testing at 20 fps. WinDVD Creator is needed to view each frame corresponding to each data point from the Instron.