1. Chapter 15 Atmosphere

2. 15.1 Earth’s Atmosphere Composition 1. Gas (78% N2, 21% O2)
2. Solids & Liquids
- Dust, salt and water

3. Structure 2 lower layers 1
Structure 2 lower layers 1. Troposphere - Closest to ground (~ 11 miles high) - Contains most gas and water vapor - Where weather occurs 2. Stratosphere - 2nd layer (~21 miles high) - Contains ozone layer

4. 3 Upper layers 3. Mesosphere - Coldest layer (~40 miles high) - Meteors burn up (shooting star)

5. 4. Thermosphere - Hottest layer (~1,000-2,000 °F) - Aurora occur here
- Contains Ionosphere (charged particles)
- ~ 430 miles high
- Space Shuttle & ISS orbit here

6. 5. Exosphere - Uppermost part of Earth - Space is after - ~ 6200 miles high

7. Atmospheric Pressure - Most dense at sea level - Barometer- Measures air pressure

8. Temperature - Atmosphere divided into layers by temperature

9. Ozone layer
- Shield & absorbs UV rays
- CFC’s destroy ozone

10. 15.2 Energy from Sun Energy Transfer Radiation - Transfer energy by electromagnetic waves - Light & heat Ex) Fire, Sun

11. Conduction - Heat transfers as molecules collide Convection - Heat transfer through gas or liquid Ex. Dryer, Oven Water Hydrosphere - All water on Earth’s surface - 97% is salt water - Most fresh water is in polar ice caps

12. - Movement of water between Earth & atmosphere 15.3 Air Movement
Water Cycle
- Movement of water between Earth & atmosphere
15.3 Air Movement
Wind Formation
- Uneven heating of Earth
Coriolis effect
- Water & air move Right above equator & Left below

13. Wind Systems 1. Jet stream- Belts of strong wind in upper troposphere 2. Doldrums- Windless area at equator 3. Prevailing Westerlies- Move most weather in USA- west to east 4. Sea breeze (Day) - Wind blowing from sea to land 5. Land breeze (Night) - Wind blowing from land to sea