1. The Hydrosphere

2. All the different forms of water on Earth.

3. Covers 70% of the Earth’s surface. 97.5 % is salt water (oceans) 2.5% is fresh water (glaciers, lakes, rivers, aquifers, atmosphere)

5. Evaporation of liquid water into a vapour. Transpiration in plants. Vapour rises and cools. Condenses and changes back into liquid to form clouds. When water droplets become too large they fall as precipitation (rain, snow, hail, etc). Frozen precipitation stored as snow or glaciers. Rain/melting show runs back into lakes/oceans.

6. Three Effects on the Earth’s climate: 1. Moderates Earth’s temperature. 2. Distributes heat. 3. Acts as a carbon sink.

7. Stores Thermal Energy Oceans act as a heat sink… How??? Water has a high heat capacity. Absorbs large amounts of thermal energy without becoming very hot. Able to transfer energy by convection.

8. Sea BreezeLand Breeze Watch This!!

10. Great Ocean Conveyor Belt (Thermohaline Circulation) *Driven by temperature and salinity differences.* Warm equatorial surface water moves toward poles: It cools down. It becomes saltier due to evaporation and formation of ice. Colder, saltier water sinks to create a deep ocean current. Causes continuous movement of the warm equatorial water.

11. Watch This!!!Watch This!!! And This!!! And This!!!And This!!!

12. Cold ocean currents cause air to be dry and cool. E.g., desert. Warm ocean currents cause air to be moist and warm. E.g., rainforest.

14. Oceans absorb and store carbon dioxide in the form of carbonate (e.g., sea shells).