1. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management Wildfire September 29, 2009 Neville Connell President, Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management

2. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management A Few Questions about Wildfires How are wildfires different now than in the past? Are there better ways to protect people and the environment?

3. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management Richard Dana observed: - that in the summer of 1834 a wildfire burnt the town of Santa Barbara to the ground - that severe storms frequently brought high southerly winds and rain to California - by 1859 wildfires were still common but severe winter storms were becoming much less frequent

4. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management Temperature Pineapple Expresses North Pacific Storms Source: Berkelhammer 2007 Wetter Drier Rainfall

5. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management Time of Year for Fire Ignitions 575 ignitions in the last 5 years in the Cleveland NF - 350 by people - 50 by lightning - 40 by mechanical equipment - others by many smaller miscellaneous categories (including power lines)

6. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management The Great Fire of 1910 - the “Big Blow Up” 3 million acres burnt in Washington, Idaho and Montana The largest wildfire in American history - still USFS adopted the doctrine of fire suppression - “the asbestos forest” Unintended consequences: - accumulation of fuels - larger, longer burning wildfires with greater potential for devastation and loss of life. Source: Professor Morgan Varmer, Forestry & Wildland Resources Department, Humboldt State University

7. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management Fire Intensity 40-Year old Chaparral10-Year old Chaparral

8. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management

9. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management

10. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management

11. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management

12. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management Conclusion Large wildfires occur every 30 years or so in San Diego County

13. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management Are there more wildfires this decade? Most dangerous wildfire areas in San Diego County

14. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management Conditions in San Diego County Yesteryear Today WetterDrierAverage temperatures Ignitions by lightning (calm, Indians)Ignitions by people (Santa Ana) Healthy, younger chaparral Ancient, dry or dead chaparral Diverse ecosystemMore limited diversity “Conditions for Perfect Fire Storms”

15. Greater Alpine Fire Safe Council Protecting the Alpine community from wildfire and preserving Alpine’s natural and manmade resources through education, land stewardship and fuels management A Better Way to Protect People and Environment Return to the Indian practice of using controlled burns as an essential aspect of land management, rejuvenating the landscape in a cyclical manner, and preventing a massive build-up of highly combustible fuels. Where prescribed burns are impractical, reduce fuels by mechanical treatment (“mastication”) The result: - a healthy, frequently burned landscape where new fires move into old fires and put themselves out - a return to the healthy ecological environment that we had before the Big Blow Up Source: Professors Varmer and Stuart, Forestry & Wildland Resources Department, Humboldt State University