1. Evidence of the Big Bang Theory

2. What is the Big Bang Theory?
The theory that says that the universe began with a super-powerful explosion about billion years ago.

3. What is a Red Shift? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FhfnqboacV0
Be ready to take notes!

4. What is a Red Shift?
Does red or blue light have a longer wavelength? Circle One:
Red Light Blue Light
How is an object moving if it is blue-shifted?
It is moving towards Earth.
How is an object moving if it is red-shifted?
It is moving away from Earth.
Do galaxies farthest away move slower or faster than those that are closer?

5. Hubble’s Expanding Universe /Red Shifts / Big Bang Theory
Be ready to take notes!

6. Hubble’s Expanding Universe /Red Shifts / Big Bang Theory
Who discovered that the Milky Way is not the only galaxy in our Universe?
Edwin Hubble
When do scientists think our Universe began?
Between 10 and 20 billion years ago.
What year was the Hubble telescope put into orbit?
What advantage does the Hubble telescope have over telescopes on Earth?

7. Hubble Ultra Deep Field 3D
Be ready to take notes!

8. Hubble Ultra Deep Field 3D
What did the telescope find after viewing a black sky for 10 days?
What was one difference with the telescope the second time they pointed it at a black area in space?
Technology is defined as the use of knowledge gained through science to make new products or tools people can use. What role does technology have in science?

9. Is there other evidence?
Scientists have found leftover cosmic radiation in the form of microwaves that has been around since the big bang explosion.

10. Sun and Stars

11. Brain Thinkers Compare our sun to other stars in the sky.
The sun plays a major role in our lives as humans. Describe some situations where the sun helps us as humans, with our community, and our way of living.

12. What is our Sun?
Our sun is a medium-sized star near the edge of a disc-shaped galaxy of stars. The sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star.

13. Characteristics of Stars
The Sun is an average star:
It’s not the hottest or coolest.
It’s not largest or smallest.
We can compare stars by color, temperature, size, luminosity and spectrum.

14. Color and Temperature Color:
Stars range in color from red, orange, yellow, white, to blue.
Red Yellow (Sun) > Blue
Temperature:
Stars range in temperature from 2000oC oC.
2 000oC oC (Sun) > oC

15. Color and Temperature Color and temperature are linked.
The 3,000oC stars are red in color.
The 50,000oC stars are blue in color.

16. Color and Temperature Color Temp. Range (oC) Examples Blue
25000 –
Zeta Orionis
Bluish-white –
Rigel, Spica
White
Vega, Sirius
Yellowish-white
Polaris, Procyon
Yellow
Sun, Alpha Centauri
Orange
Arcturus, Aldebaran
Red
Betelgeuse, Antares

17. Luminosity
Luminosity is related to the distance from the earth and the brightness of the star

18. Apparent Magnitude – refers to the brightness of a star as it appears to us.
Absolute Magnitude – refers to the actual amount of light given off by a star at a standard distance.

19. Spectrum
Spectroscope: Used to measure the chemical composition of the stars. (also temperature and direction the star is moving in relation to the Earth.)
How? Set up a spectroscope with different tubes; each gas has different spectras – light patterns.

20. Questions How is the color of a star related to its temperature?
The color of a star depends on its temperature, from red and orange (cool stars) to yellow and white (hotter stars) to blue (very hot stars).
2. Explain why a cooler star could actually appear brighter than a hotter star.
A cool star, such as a red giant, could be either closer to us or much larger than a hotter star, such as a white dwarf. (Could be closer and larger)