1. Demand Response in Integration of Renewable Generation: Pacific Northwest Experience Ken Corum NASUCA Mid-year Meeting June 10, 2013, Seattle WA

2. What Kind of DR? DR 1.0 –Vast majority of DR experience –Peak load reductions –Limit of ~ 100 hours/year DR 2.0 –Reductions and increases in load –Throughout day and year – perhaps 8760 hours/year

3. Illustration of DR 2.0 Electric Water Heaters

5. More Examples of DR 2.0 Refrigerated warehouses Pulp and paper plants Municipal water pumping and treatment Data centers Electrochemical processes (e.g. aluminum) Electric vehicles (cars, forklifts, etc.) More….. “the more we look, the more we find”

6. Features of DR 2.0 Loads? Storage –Heat –“Coolth” –Elevated water, compressed air –Intermediate product (e.g. wood pulp) Flexible delivery of service Timing of oxygenation of treated water Timing or location of data center service

7. Time Scale of DR 2.0 Hours – load shifting Minutes – “load following”, 5-minute energy market(?) Seconds – regulation

8. Cost Effectiveness? Early days – many potential alternatives –Hardware, market structure, forecasting Mass market options (e.g. WH) need “market transformation” strategies to reduce cost and simplify participation C&I options need detailed understanding of processes (joint benefit with energy efficiency) Portfolio management

9. Caveats Not all loads can do DR 2.0 Like batteries, resource available now depends on recent deployments Will require innovative commercial relationships

10. Questions? Ken Corum ken@corum.us.com