1. II

2. Acculturation: maintaining the bonds of society Transaction: reaching out beyond the self to others Transaction variables: Imitation – modelling- identification – empathy Extroversion- aggression- styles of communication

3. Empathy Reaching beyond oneself to understand what another person is feeling Empathy implies detachment Sympathy implies agreement

4. Aspects for developing empathy 1- awareness of one’s feelings 2- identification with others

5. Extroversion vs. Introversion extroversion: the need to receive ego enhancement, self-esteem and wholeness from others to affirm oneself Introversion: driving wholeness from oneself

6. Motivation Can be vied from 3 perspectives: 1- behavioural: external forces 2- cognitive: internal forces 3- constructivists: both

7. Why do we need motivation? Exploration Manipulation Activity Stimulation Knowledge Ego Enhancement

8. Instrumental and integrative orientations Instrumental: acquiring language for instrumental goals Integrative: to become involved in social interchange

9. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Intrinsic: no reward except for the activity Extrinsic: outside reward

10. Self aculturalization and flow theory With flow people push themselves to high performance

11. The neurobiological effect amygdala : the ability to make an appraisal of stimulus Sustained deep learning: learning that requieres a period of time rooted in vaue

12. Personality type and language acquisition: Myers- Briggers type indicator

13. Measuring affective factors: Shortcoming: - self-raising meted - self-flattery syndrome- culture ethnocentricity