2. The Renaissance Mr. Heaps World History

3. The Renaissance ► A ________ of ancient Greek & Roman cultures; began in Northern ________. ► Characteristics:  Italy was an ________ society arranged into city-states with a _________ viewpoint rather than a religious viewpoint.  Was an age of ___________ from 14 th century disasters such as the Plague, political instability, a decline in literacy, & a decline of church power.  A new human view emerged: “Men can do what they will.” This view placed a high regard for human worth & realization of what humans could achieve. This new focus was called _____________. rebirth Italy secular recovery humanism urban

4. “The Renaissance Man” ►A►A►A►A high regard was placed on human worth, creating a belief that a _____________, universal person was capable of achievements in many areas of life. ►_►_►_►________________ was the ideal example of the Renaissance man because he showed _________ in many different fields. He was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician; a true example of a Renaissance Man. Video Clip well-rounded Leonardo da Vinci talent

5. Johannes Gutenberg ► During the Medieval Period, printing was done by hand in monasteries by _________. ► Gutenberg was the 1 st European to print using ________________ type. ► Gutenberg’s _________ (1455) was the 1 st European book printed from moveable type. ► The increase in printing encouraged scholarly research and increased the public’s desire to gain knowledge. __________ boomed in Europe. Video Clip monks moveable metal Bible Literacy

6. The Italian City-States ► A __________ is a small nation controlled by a city. ► ________, ________, & _________ were cities that played crucial roles in Italian politics. ► These Italian city-states were at the crossroads of Europe, Africa, & Asia. They became very populated and wealthy due to ________. ► Wealthy Italian _________ usually controlled each city- state. Video Clip Video Clip Florence MilanVenice families trade city-state

7. Milan ► One of the ________ Italian city-states due to trade. ► After long being ruled by the Visconti Family, ______________ became the Duke of Milan. ► Sforza was the leader of a band of _____________. ► Created an efficient ____ system that generated enormous revenues for the government. Francesco Sforza richest Francesco Sforza mercenaries tax

8. Venice ► A link between ______ and Western Europe. ► Venice drew _______ from all over the world. ► Venice was a __________ with an elected leader called a Doge. ► In reality, Venice was ruled by a small group of wealthy merchant-____________. Asia traders Republic aristocrats

9. Florence ► The __________ & cultural center of Renaissance Italy. ► Controlled by the wealthy _________ Family. ► Lorenzo de Medici & his son, Cosimo, were _________ of the arts and often sponsored great artists such as _____________ to adorn their city with their masterpieces. ► Many of the great Renaissance artists had _________ in Florence. artistic Medici patrons Michelangelo studios

10. The Bonfire of the Vanities A Dominican priest or monk named ___________ gained popularity in Florence, ousting the rule of the Medici’s. ► Savonarola placed strict regulations on the ___________ society of Florence and attacked the Church with accusations of corruption. ► Savonarola is infamous for the Bonfire of the ____________. ► He was charged with _________ and later burned at stake. ► The Medici Family regained power. Savonarola secular Vanities heresy

11. Italian Wars ► Fact: The growth of powerful ___________ around Italy in Europe led to trouble for the Italian City-States. ► Question: Why would French king Charles VIII lead an army of 30,000 into Naples in Southern Italy? ► Answer: ___________________ $$$$ $$$$ monarchies The riches of Italy

12. Italian Wars (cont.) ► Northern Italian States turned to _______ for help. ► For 30 years, France & Spain battled for ____________ in Italy. ► Thousands of Spanish troops along with ____________ from other countries marched into Rome. ► Having not been paid for months, they cried, _______________ ► King Charles I of Spain replied, “If you have ever dreamed of ___________ a town and laying hold of its treasures, here now is one, the richest of them all, queen of the world.” ► Open to page 160 to see what happened. Spain dominance mercenaries “Money! Money!” pillaging

13. Niccolo Machiavelli ► His book, ____ _______, is one of the most influential works on political power in the Western world. The book’s central thesis was about how to ________ and keep political power. ► Machiavelli was among the 1 st to abandon ________ as the basis for political activity. “A prince acts on behalf of the _______. For the sake of the state, he must be willing to let his ___________ sleep.” “A prince acts on behalf of the _______. For the sake of the state, he must be willing to let his ___________ sleep.” Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince acquire morality state conscience

14. Machiavelli v. Middle Ages Machiavelli’s viewpoint ► Political power should not be restricted by ________ principles. ► A prince should not deviate from good if that is possible, but should know how to do ______ if necessary. ► A prince must be willing to let his conscience ________. Middle Age viewpoint ► Many writers on political power stressed the __________ side of a Prince’s activity. ► “A ruler ought to behave based on ___________ principles. ethical Christian moral evil sleep

15. Review Questions ► What attracted the French King to Italy?  The riches of Italy. ► Why did the army of Charles I of Spain sack the city of Rome in 1527?  His army had not been paid for months, so he allowed them to smash the gates and loot the city.

16. The Book of the Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione ► Although nobles made up only 2 to 3% of the population, they dominated Renaissance society. ► Nobles held important political posts and served as advisers to the king. ► The Book of the Courtier was a code of behavior for the ideal courtier or noble.

17. Characteristics of a Perfect Renaissance Noble 1. A Noble was _____, not made. He should have _________, ______, & _______. 2. The ideal noble had to develop 2 skills: a)to perform ________ & physical exercises because the chief aim of a noble was to be a warrior. b)To gain a classical ____________ and enrich his life with the arts. 3. Nobles should follow a certain standard of ___________. (see text pages 161 & 162)

18. Characteristics of a Perfect Renaissance Noble 1. A Noble was _____, not made. He should have _________, ______, & _______. 2. The ideal noble had to develop 2 skills: a)to perform ________ & physical exercises because the chief aim of a noble was to be a warrior. b)To gain a classical ____________ and enrich his life with the arts. 3. Nobles should follow a certain standard of ___________. born charactergracetalent military education conduct

19. Francesco Petrarch (Scholar) ► Father of Italian Renaissance ____________. ► Looked for & discovered forgotten Latin manuscripts in _________ _________ throughout Europe. ► Emphasized using pure _________ Latin (Latin of the Romans, not medieval Latin) Humanism monastic libraries classical

20. Vernacular Literature ►T►T►T►The Humanist emphasis on classical Latin led to its use in the writings of __________, _____________, & ________________. (those who were highly educated) ►H►H►H►However, some writers wrote in _______________, or language spoken in their own regions. (such as Italian, French, or German.) scholars lawyerstheologians Vernacular

21. Dante ►W►W►W►Wrote in the Italian Vernacular. ►D►D►D►Dante’s masterpiece is the __________ ___________: TTTThe story of the soul’s journey to _____________, through Hell, Purgatory, & Heaven. ________________- in Roman Catholic theology, the place where those who have died in a state of grace undergo limited torment to atone for their sins before entering heaven. Divine Comedy salvation Purgatory

22. Geoffrey Chaucer ► Wrote in the __________ vernacular. ► His famous work is the ____________ _________:  A collection of stories told by 29 pilgrims as they journey to the tomb of Saint Thomas Becket @ Canterbury, Eng.  Purpose: To portray an entire range of English _________ from the high to the low born. Canterbury Tales English society

23. Christine de Pizan ►W►W►W►Wrote in the ________ vernacular. ►B►B►B►Best known for her works written in defense of ____________. ►M►M►M►Male writers of her time argued that women are unable to _________ & easily __________. ►H►H►H►Her book, The Book of the City of Ladies, argued that women could learn as well as men if they could _____________________. French women learn swayed attend the same schools

24. ► Renaissance artists sought to imitate _________ in their works. ► They wanted those who viewed their works to see a ____________ view of the objects they were portraying. ► _________ _________ were the focus of attention of Renaissance artists. nature realistic Human Beings

25. Notice how detailed or realistic the image in the mirror is. Renaissance art was to the people who lived to experience it, like the photograph was to the first to see it. REALISTIC!!!

26. ► The frescoes painted by Masaccio in Florence, Italy early in the 15 th century are regarded as the first ____________ of early Renaissance art. ► _________- a painting done on wet plaster with water-based paints. ► Whereas medieval paintings made humans appear _______, Masaccio used the laws of _____________ to create the illusion of 3-Dimensions. Video clip: Artistic Breakthrough - Perspective masterpieces Fresco perspectiveflat

27. Breakthroughs in Renaissance Art 1. Understanding the laws of ___________ and the organization of outdoor space & light through ___________. 2. The investigation of movement and human ___________. ► The realistic portrayal of the individual person, especially the ________ _______, became one of the chief aims of Italian Renaissance Art. geometry perspective human nude Video Clip: Renaissance Art & Study of Anatomy anatomy

28. The High Renaissance The High Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Bounarroti Raphael

29. Ideas Promoted by the Renaissance ► ______________ - emphasized a return to a classical study of human capabilities. ► ______________ - highlighted the accomplishments of the individual. The ideal person showed ________ in many different fields. ► ______________ -changed the focus of life from the struggle to get to heaven to the advancement of one’s position on Earth. humanism individualism talent secularism