1. Integumentary System
Chapter 5

2. Skin Color Cyanosis-blue-lack of oxygen
Pallor/blanching-pale-lack of blood flow, low blood pressure
Jaundice-yellow/liver disorder
Bruises-black, blue-blood has escaped + clotted in tissue spaces. (Called hematoma) Lack of Vit. C can also cause easy bruising b/c it strengthens walls of capillaries/blood vessels
Carotene-yellow/orange color

3. Skin Color contd. Freckles- melanin accumulation
Age spots (liver spots)-accumulation of melanin with age
Nevus (mole)- round, flat, or raised area that develops in childhood.
Albinism-inability to produce melanin

4. Skin Appendages
Sebaceous glands-secretes oil/found around hair follicles
Sebum- oil- keeps skin soft
Acne-overactive sebaceous glands due to hormones
Whitehead- sebaceous gland blocked by sebum WBC rush in

5. Skin Appendages contd.
Blackhead – when the material from whitehead oxidizes, dries, and hardens
Boil- where hair follicle becomes inflamed/infected + pus accumulates under skin. Bacteria has gotten into pore.
Carbuncle- several boils together
Seborrhea- (cradle cap) yellow, brown crust on head

6. Appendages Contd. 2. Sweat Glands
Eccrine-produce sweat, which is made up of water, salt, vit. C, traces of ammonia, urea, and lactic acid
Apocrine- larger than eccrine and empties into hair follicles. Contains fatty acids, proteins, + substances in eccrines. Usually yellow in color. Activate during puberty

7. 3. Ceruminous glands- ear – secretes cerumen (ear wax)
4. Hair/Nails- hair everywhere on body except palms of hands, soles of feet, nipples, lips. You are born with all hair follicles. Has 3 main parts
Medulla
Cortex
Cuticle-lots of keratin

8. Hair contd. Cuticle undergoes lots of abrasion = split ends
Arrector pili muscle- contracts and causes hair to stand
Alopecia = hair loss
Gray hair = lack of melanin

9. Nails Nonliving material Modified epidermis Keratinized cells
Lanula = white moon shape
Normal color = pink, Cyanotic = low oxygen

10. Burns
Tissue Damage + cell death due to intense heat, UV, electricity, or chemicals
Body loses fluids-dehydration
Infection can occur
Immune system becomes depressed

11. Degrees of burns 1st degree- red and swollen
2nd degree- red, painful, blisters
3rd degree-entire thickness burned, grafting

12. Skin Cancer
Causes of cancer are unknown. Believed to be overexposure to UV light, skin infections, chemicals, or trauma. 3 types:
Basal Cell Carcinoma- least threatening, slow growing, shiny, dome-shaped, 78% of cases
Squamous Cell Carcinoma-scaly, red on scalp, ears, hands, raised border, 20% of cases
Malignant Melanoma- most-threatening, spreading brown/black pattern, 2% of cases

13. “ABCD” rule for recognizing skin cancer
“A” Asymmetry- sides don’t match
“B” Border-irregularity, borders not smooth
“C” Color-different colors
“D” Diameter-larger than the size of a pencil eraser

14. Cosmetic Anti-aging treatments for skin
Microdermabrasion-tiny crystals under pressure
Chemical peel-glycolic acid
Laser resurfacing
Dermal fillers-collagen
Botox-botulism (diluted)
Facelift, brow lift, neck lift = skin removed
Topical ointments- retinol