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PLANTS – DAY 3 MONOCOT & DICOTS
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INTRODUCTION There are different classes of plants – one of these classes of plants are called ___________________, and these plants produce flowers. Angiosperms can be further divided into 2 subclasses: Monocotyledoneae and the Dicotyledoneae, aka _______ ________________________ Names of 2 subgroups are based on structure of their ___________
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SEEDS The ___________, which surrounds the plant embryo and protects it from desiccation in the uncertain conditions of a terrestrial environment, is one of the adaptations that has allowed plants to thrive as they gradually moved from water to land. Each seed consists of an embryo, food source, and protective outer coat; it can lie dormant for some time before germinating, waiting until environmental conditions are right Monocots have only ________________ - cotyledon Dicots have ________ cotyledons or seed leaves Cotyledons
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MONOCOT & DICOT SEEDS
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EXAMPLES OF MONCOTS & DICOTS: MONOCOTS: Onion, corn, rice, sugarcane DICOTS: tomatoes, cabbage, apples, peaches
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SUMMARY OF DIFFERENCES: DICOTS MONOCOTS
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TISSUE TERMS Vascular cambium/cylinder: __________________ tissue responsible for creating new xylem and phloem tissue Pith: the parenchyma tissue at the very center of roots AND stems. Functions in storage of nutrients, carbohydrates and water Cortex: parenchyma tissue surrounding the pith; made of rigid cells in roots AND stems Pericycle: a thin layer of lateral meristematic cells that surrounds the vascular cylinder; helps for secondary roots to grow Endodermis: layer of rectangular cells surrounding the vascular cylinder; innermost layer of the cortex; regulates movement of water and minerals Epidermis: the outermost layer of a multicellular plant experiencing growth Vascular Bundles: collections of xylem and phloem tissue, separate from other collections of cells, running longitudinally - includes xylem and phloem
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ROOT TISSUE DIFFERENCES Xylem in center of root in an ‘X’ shape; phloem is outside of xylem Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring shape
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MONOCOT ROOT CROSS SECTION
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DICOT ROOT CROSS SECTION CORTEX EPIDERMIS
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STEMS – MONOCOT & DICOT
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DICOT STEM CROSS SECTION In herbaceous dicots, bundles are arranged in a ring A thin layer of tissue called vascular cambium between xylem and phloem – can appear as a hollow area in the plant (buttercup)
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MONOCOT STEM CROSS SECTION MONOCOT STEM VASCULAR BUNDLE Herbaceous monocots have vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem (corn)
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