1. Prabin Man Singh Programme Officer (Climate Change) Oxfam GB Nepal

2. Methodology Research focussed in five countries in South Asia: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka Field work in two countries : Bangladesh and Nepal 64 adaptation projects reviewed and 14 projects were studied in detailed.

3. Context: South Asia 1.5 billion people live on less than USD 1.25 per day Agriculture employs more than 60% of the region’s labour force. More than 70% of people lives in villages

4. Predicted Impacts of Climate Change in South Asia Increased variability in both monsoon and winter rainfall, Increased frequency and/or severity of extreme weather events (floods, cyclones and drought), Increase in average temperature, with warmer winter, Increase salinity in coastal areas as a result of rising seas, Reduced discharge of major rivers, Weakening ecosystems, Recession of glaciers in the Himalayas

5. Signature events 1985- Glacier Lakes Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in Dig Tsho 1993- Mid mountain cloudburst and floods in Central Nepal 2001/02- Drought in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh in India 2007- Cyclone Sdir hit Bangladesh 2008-9 – Winter drought in Nepal – Forest fire across the Himalayan region – Diarrhoea epidemic in the mid-western hills in Nepal 2009- Cyclone Aila hit Bangladesh and India 2010 Floods in Sindh province, Pakistan Cloud outbrust in Ladakh, India

6. Case study: Local Adaptation Programme of Action in Nepal Operational at the administrative scale of the District Development Committee (DDC) and the Village Development committee (VDC), Acknowledge the role of plural mechanisms operating within these scales where the capacity of public sectors administrative units is limited, Operated over the medium terms, Mainstream into local, VDC and district-planning process

7. Key Lessons Participatory assessment and analysis of vulnerability and capacity, Climate change adaptation is not dealt in isolation. Complex interdependence of sustainable livelihoods, disaster, water and natural resources, Focus on poor, vulnerable and marginalised beneficiaries, Flexible and responsive design and implementation, Future looking – long term programme, Build adaptive capacity at multiple levels and within existing institutions,

8. Adaptation Cooperation in South Asia Adaptation works need to complement with national plans and policies. Adaptation works need to back by rigorous assessment at the national, sub-regional and regional level with an emphasis on respective ecosystems. Hydro-met information sharing between the counties in the region. River basin management at a sub-regional or regional level

9. Adaptation cooperation… contd. Existing institutions within SAARC like food bank, meteorological station and seed bank need to operationalise. Implementation of SAARC Action Plan on Climate Change. Technologies (early warning, drought/flood tolerant seeds, water management) transfer within the region, Monitoring and evaluation framework for adaptation practices to be developed. Adaptation works in the region require predictable and additional finance.

10. The End.