1. University of Utah 1 Andy van Dam lecture thoughts?

2. University of Utah 2 A university spin-off Stanford University Networked workstation -SUN Microsystems (1982)

3. University of Utah 3 Bill Joy Graduate student at U.C. Berkeley Co-founder of SUN

4. University of Utah 4 Bill Joy Berkeley gets a UNIX tape (1974) Bill Joy adds additional features to UNIX -Creates “Berkeley Standard Distribution” (1978) BSD supports TCP/IP !

5. University of Utah 5 Remember VAX? DEC’s VAX machines formed much of the early Internet -Why? BSD Unix. This is why Unix is associated with the Internet.

6. University of Utah 6 Unix Lamentation Created by AT&T -AT&T didn’t profit from it

7. University of Utah 7 Unix Lamentation Popularized by DEC hardware -DEC didn’t profit from it

8. University of Utah 8 Unix Lamentation Better than MS-DOS -But never dethroned it as a popular OS for home computers

9. University of Utah 9 Unix Lamentation “Unix” not “unified” -Vendor-specific fragmentation AT&T: Original UNIX Berkeley: BSD SUN: SunOS, Solaris HP: HP-UX IBM: AIX SGI: IRIX Microsoft: Xenix Cray: UNICOS

10. University of Utah 10 10 Unix Lamentation Just how fragmented is Unix? Take a look!

11. University of Utah 11 11 Times are a-changin’ Prevailing wisdom: -Do as much as you can in hardware! -Remember the POLY instruction?

12. University of Utah 12 12 Times are a-changin’ Why? -Assumptions: Slow (core) memory Easy for assembly language programmers Primitive compilers

13. University of Utah 13 13 Times are a-changin’ But... -Assumptions don’t stay true forever! Fast (chip) memory Fewer assembly language programmers Better compilers

14. University of Utah 14 14 What if... The instruction set were simple? Each instruction did very little? -...but fast? Pipelining!

15. University of Utah 15 15 Pipelining

16. University of Utah 16 16 RISC “Reduced Instruction Set Computer David Patterson (1980) -RISC project at U.C. Berkeley John Hennessy (1981) -MIPS project at Stanford University

17. University of Utah 17 17 RISC SUN uses a RISC-based processor in its workstations (1987) RISC chips take over workstation market

18. University of Utah 18 18 RISC SUN uses a RISC-based processor in its workstations (1987) RISC chips take over workstation market -...But NOT the home PC market! -Why?

19. University of Utah 19 19 Reminder Essay (final version) due tomorrow in class.

20. University of Utah 20 20 Looking ahead... Only two homework assignments left! -a small one-page writing assignment to be announced later -a final project

21. University of Utah 21 21 “Test Question” On a scrap of paper, write a question that encapsulates one of the points from today's class, and turn it in. (Put your name on it!)