1. Paul Jones and William Field Purdue University Farm Safety Issues in Old Order Anabaptist Communities: Unique Aspects and Innovative Intervention Strategies

2. The Anabaptist/Agriculture Connection A primary means of economic survival A primary means of cultural survival

3. The Information Gap Though the Old Order Anabaptists have a distinctly agrarian culture, centralized statistics regarding agricultural safety have been sparse in regard to this population.

4. Potential Reasons for Sparse Information Desire to remain separate from the world Resistance to higher education and impractical information Unwillingness to participate in many government programs Reporting procedures often do not distinguish “religious preference”

5. The Old Order Anabaptists as a Subculture Religious Historical Geographical Social Economic –Kreps, et.al.

6. Impact of Religious Beliefs on Agricultural Behavior Largely ignored or dismissed as irrelevant by researchers The few studies done indicate a link Possible relationship between Old Order beliefs/behaviors and those of the larger farm population

7. Basic Anabaptist Beliefs Knowing basic spiritual and cultural principles is important for understanding and working with the population

8. Anabaptist Beginnings Early 1500s: movement began in Switzerland Early 1700s: came to America to escape persecution in Europe

9. Basic Beliefs Literal obedience to the teachings of Christ and the Scriptures Adult “believers” baptism (Anabaptist means “re-baptizer”) The ban (shunning)

10. Basic Beliefs (cont.) Social separation from the world Rejection of violence Refusal to swear oaths Church as covenant community

11. Gelassenheit Submission/obedience Yielding to a higher authority Resignation to God’s will Humility

12. Ordnung (Ott-ning) Unwritten rules of conduct Discipline Ordering of one’s life

13. What Does it Mean to be Old Order? Selective Use of Technology Distinctive Dress Gemeinde or Redemptive Society Strict Adherence to Basic Beliefs

15. Churches that hold Similar Beliefs Old Order Amish Old Order Mennonites Hutterite Beachy Amish New Amish German Baptist

16. Growth 1890 - 22 Old Order congregations and 2,038 baptized adults 1992 - 898 districts and 145,000 population Current estimates - up to 250,000

17. Distribution of Amish Communities -1991

18. Socio-religious Characteristics Relevant to Understanding Farm Safety Issues

19. Selective Use of Technology Modern conveniences used with reticence (cultural preservation) Not anti-technology; instead, “negotiated cultural compromises” (Kraybill) Heavy reliance on and contact with animals

20. 21.8% of Amish couples have 10 or more children with the average of 7 children per family Doubling of population every 20-22 years Amish Family Size

21. Other Unique Population Characteristics of Amish Half the proportion of people over 65 in comparison to the rest of the rural population Twice the proportion of youth under 20 in comparison to the rest of the rural population

22. Attitudes Toward Child Labor Economic: helps family/community Social: learning value of work Spiritual: stewardship of creation

23. Beliefs About Death God’s sovereignty “Thy will be done” –gelassenheit The best is yet to come

24. Summary of Farm-related Fatalities within Old-Order Anabaptist Communities

25. 7 1 24 11 33 14 2 Number of Fatalities from Reporting States No buggy fatalities Performance of farm work or in farm environment 2 1

26. Age in Years Total # of Deaths 63% = 15 Years or Younger Fatalities: Age

27. Fatalities: Gender

28. Fatalities: Source of Injury

29. 17% 66% Fatalities: Animal Behavior

31. JANFEBMARAPRMAYJUN JUL AUGSEPOCTNOVDEC Fatalities: Month

32. SUN MON TUEWED THU FRI SAT Fatalities: Day of Week

33. Developing Effective Intervention Strategies

34. Factors in Working with Old Order Anabaptists “Primary, face to face social ties” (Kraybill) Knowledge of Ordnung Two kingdom worldview –Separation from the kingdom of the world –Separation of church and state

35. Establish Northern Indiana Family Safety Committee Representatives of Amish Community Cooperative Extension Educators Purdue ASH Program Local law enforcement Local EMS/fire-rescue

36. Agricultural safety Fire safety Foods and canning safety Electrical power safety Substance abuse information Conducting Family Safety Days in Church Districts

38. Implement Buggy Safety Initiative SMV Emblems Reflective Tape Safety Brochure for Tourists

39. Conferences for Professionals working with Anabaptist Communities 1998: Shipshewana, Indiana 2001: Holmes County, Ohio

40. Additional Interventions “Amos and Sadie’s Farm: A Pathway to Safety” Indiana State Police initiatives