1. Introduction to MIS1 Voice Computer Sent as packets: 1 2 3 4 5 Sent as packets: A B C D E Chicago New York Dallas Atlanta E 4 C B 2 A 1 5 D 3 Packet-Switched Networks  Data, Voice, Video  All converted to packets  Packet has data, destination, and source address  Switched services  Packets routed as needed  Reassembled at destination

2. Introduction to MIS2 Network Components  Computers  Servers  Work stations  Media  Cables  Fiber optic  Radio  Infrared  Connection devices LAN card Shared Printer Server Personal Computer Router or Switch Internet Firewall

3. Introduction to MIS3 Server Scalability Sun 10000 Sun 3800 Sun Ultra 5 Compaq Increasing performance within a product family. Server farms distribute the workload. Add more computers for more power. Rack mount server farm.

4. Introduction to MIS4 Network Transmission Media  Electricity  Fiber optics  Radio waves Coaxial Example: Cable TV Shield Radio or Micro Waves Example: Cellular phones glass or plastic Fiber Optic Cable Example: Long distance phone lines antenna Twisted Pair Example: Local phone lines reflective cladding

5. Introduction to MIS5 Fiber Optics  Faster  More data  Less magnetic interference  Long stretches without repeaters 900 copper wires can be replaced by one fiber optic line (for telephone connections).

6. Introduction to MIS6 Frequency Spectrum  All waves behave similarly  Sound  Radio  Micro  Light  Frequency differences  Amount of data  Distance  Interference / Noise ELFVLFLFMFHFVHFUHFMicrowaveOptical 1001K100K1M10M100M1G10G Hertz Navy/submarines TV: 220M - 500 MHz AM: 550K - 1650 KHz Public Safety: 150M - 160 MHzPublic Safety: 460M - 500 MHz Cellular phones: 800 MHz Cordless phones (some): 900 MHz Pers. Com. Sys (PCS): 1.85 G - 2.2 GHz PCS ET: 2 GHz TV: 54M - 216 MHz FM: 88M - 108 MHz http://www.jsc.mil/images/speccht.jpg http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.pdf

7. Introduction to MIS7 Transmission Capacity A thin fiber optic cable can carry as much data as 900 single copper wires, with minimal interference, and superior tensile strength.

8. Introduction to MIS8 The Importance of Bandwidth

9. Introduction to MIS9 Shared Connections With shared connections, machines have to take turns, and congestion can slow down all connections. With switched connections, each computer has the full bandwidth of the connection at all times. Performance depends on how fast the switch can handle connections.

10. Introduction to MIS10 Connecting Networks  The need for standards  A changing environment Backbone fiber optic Hub Switch Hub Radio-based network Internet Routers or Switches

11. Introduction to MIS11 Building 1 Building 2 Enterprise Network Switch Servers Workstations/PCs Fiber optic Internet – ISP Firewall Subsidiary

12. Introduction to MIS12 Client/Server Network  Client server  Peer-to-peer  Operating system  Multitasking Server Clients Workgroup Printer

13. Introduction to MIS13 TCP/IP Reference  Application  Mail, Web, FTP  Authentication, compression, user services  Transport  Packetize data and handle lost packets  Establish connections through numbered ports  Internet Protocol (IP)  Route packets to destination  Requires unique host addresses: IPv4=32-bit; IPv6=128-bit  Requires standards and cooperation  Subnet  Physical connections  Transfers bits with some form of error correction

14. Introduction to MIS14 ISO-OSI Reference Model Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1 Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Physical Media Original Data Translate Sign on and resources Data Packet R Add routing data RAC Addresses & Error Check RACRAC

15. Introduction to MIS15 The Internet Introduction to the Internet  No control  Services  Mail  Telnet  FTP  WWW  WEB searching  AltaVista  HotBot  Lycos  WebCrawler  Yahoo

16. Introduction to MIS16 How the Internet Works Individual Internet service provider (ISP) Phone company Network service provider (NSP) Backbone network Phone company Company Web site Dial-up: 33.3 - 56 Kbps ISDN: 128 Kbps DSL: 256 Kbps - 6 Mbps Cable: 1 to 10 Mbps Cable company T1: 1.544 Mbps T3: 44.736 Mbps OC3: 155.52 Mbps OC12: 622 Mbps

17. Introduction to MIS17 Internet Connections  Backbone providers  AT&T  GTE  Worldcom/MCI  Sprint  Qwest  Network service providers  1998: 39  AGIS  AT&T  Cable & Wireless  IBM  MCI/Worldcom  Qwest  Sprint  UUNet  Phone companies  Regional Bell operating companies (RBOCs) (6)  Competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs) (new)  Cable companies  AT&T  Cablevision  Regional.  Satellite  Direct Satellite  Starband  Internet service providers  America Online  Microsoft Network  Earthlink