1. Unit: Structure and Properties of Matter What is matter? Matter is anything that has a mass and takes up space. All of “stuff” around you is matter and it cannot be created or destroyed. Can you list three examples of matter? Examples: desk, chair, door, bike, basketball, dog, paper, pencil, shoes, etc. Chemistry Chemistry affects just about everything around us. Scientists use chemical knowledge to change, improve, or invent such things as foods, medicines, and materials of all kinds. They also use chemistry to understand the world of living things around us and how the universe itself functions. Knowing the properties of elements and compounds is a major goal of scientists working in the field of chemistry.

2. Properties of Matter (Characteristics of Matter) Physical Properties Characteristics can be observed without changing it into another substance. Ex: H2O freezes at 0 degrees Celsius Liquid  solid but it’s the same substance! Other physical properties: hardness, texture, color, and whether or not a substance dissolves in water Can be used to classify matter Chemical Properties Characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different substances. Ex: Iron will combine slowly with oxygen in air to form a different substance  rust Ex: Bakers add yeast to bread dough to produce gas, which causes bread to rise Ex: Silver will react with sulfur in the air to form tarnish. Every form of matter has two kinds of properties- physical and chemical properties.

3. Elements Atoms (Particles of Elements) Pure substance that cannot be broken down, chemically or physically, into any other substance Elements are the simplest substance Can be identified by its specific physical and chemical properties Ex: Aluminum  foil Ex: Zinc (with a copper coating)  pennies Ex: Oxygen and nitrogen  you inhale these elements from the atmosphere Can be found on the periodic table The basic particle from which all elements are made Atoms allow elements to be unique Atoms have a different number of protons, neutrons, and electrons Protons  positively charged Neutrons  neutral/ no charge Electrons  negatively charged Atoms can combine with other atoms Chemical bond Often they combine to make larger particles Molecules

4. MATTER IS WHAT THE UNIVERSE IS MADE OF WHAT MAKES UP MATTER? elements! ELEMENTS ARE MADE OF A BASIC PARTICLE… atoms! ATOMS ARE MADE OF EVEN SMALLER PARTICLES… protons, neutrons, electrons