1. 3-An Indian named Mohandas Gandhi was one of the 1st modern-day leaders to preach nonviolence 4-India is a small country in Asia 1-All the people in India speak the same language 2-India is a communist country 5-India showed little or no development until the British took control

3. A new religion formed from both Aryans & Indus Valley people

4. Priests gathered hymns of praise into 4 collections called Vedas (viewed as sacred) They’re eventually interpreted by wise Hindu teachers Upanishads

5. Ideas of the Upanishads 1. The sacred, infinite force (Brahman) is in all living things Everything in nature is tied together There are different “faces” of Brahman

6. 2. 3 all-important gods -Brahma the creator -Vishnu the protector -Shiva the destroyer Polytheism Belief in more than 1 god

7. 3. The soul lives on & is reborn into a new body Nothing that lives ever entirely dies Reincarnation

8. 4. A person’s conduct in this life determines his/her position in the next life Karma Ethical law of cause & effect

9. To earn a good rebirth each caste has its own Dharma, or duty Example: Boy in warrior caste had to be willing to fight, kill & be killed

10. Hindus believe 4 different groups of people were created from body of God Social divisions of India

11. Parts of God Occupation Servants Feet Merchants & farmers Legs Rulers & warriors Arms Priests (brahmin) Mouth

12. The “Untouchables”

13. You don’t touch or share food with an untouchable Higher castes = pure Their impurity transfers to you!

14. Untouchables today in India have the worst jobs. “Dirty” jobs (removing & burying dead bodies)

15. Only the top 3 castes study the vedas There are actually thousands of castes now!