1. Construction Materials Metal

2.  Structural steel  Cross section  Second moment of area

3.  Common structural shapes  I -beam  Z-shape  Angle (L-shaped)  Channel ( U -shape)  Tee (T-shaped)  Rail (asymmetrical I -beam)  Bar, rod, plate  Open web

4.  Relative cost often dictates use  Often used in conjunction  Steel better in strength-to-weight ratio  Steel can be dismantled more easily  If bolts are used the components may be reused

5.  Loss of strength  Critical temperature – typically yield stress = 60% of room temperature yield stress  Fireproofing materials  Concrete structures with rebar  Connections are a main concern

6.  Reinforcing bar  Tensioning device in  concrete and reinforced  masonry  Ridges added for  mechanical strength

7.  Joists  Sills  Headers  Top plates  Diagonal bracing  Decking