1. Biology for Future Presidents Important Concepts That Can Be Easily Understood Unless noted, the course materials are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Taiwan (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5)Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Taiwan by Professor Larry N. Vanderhoef Chancellor Emeritus & Distinguished Professor University of California, Davis, U.S.A Genes What Are They? Where Are They? Week5 Design courtesy of fppt.com

2. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Judy Garland and Liza Minnelli J.G.: The Wizard of Oz, etc. L.M.: Caberet, etc. Red rose Flickr hbunny Flickr Boss Tweed 2

3. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? “Little People, Big World” Reality TV 3

4. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Attached earlobes - recessive Unattached earlobe - dominant Windows to the universe - Lisa Gardiner Flickr Aine D 4

5. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Gregor Mendel 5

6. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Mendel at work on crossing experiments with garden peas Biology10thgrade 6

7. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Pea characteristics 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Has recessive disappeared? No! DNA Wikipedia - DNA and Heredity 7

8. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Mendel Made Many Important Discoveries About Genes 1.They came in pairs For example, ear lobes – attached and unattached. 2.One in the pair ma be dominant over the other. Ear lobes – unattached is dominant over attached. 8

9. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Mendel’s paper – first page Mendel’s ground- breaking paper was overlooked – even by Darwin! Source: Gregor Mendel Manuscript, 1865, http://www.dnalc.org/view/16172-Gallery-3- Gregor-Mendel-Manuscript-1865.htmlhttp://www.dnalc.org/view/16172-Gallery-3- Gregor-Mendel-Manuscript-1865.html 9

10. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Darwin and Mendel made discoveries about what was going on inside the cell before they knew much at all about the inside of the cell. 10

11. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Robert Hooke and his drawing of a thin slice of cork, seen through his microscope Hooke’s microscope, drawn by Hooke in 1665 Cork “cells”? 11

12. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Robert Hooke’s drawings Fly eyes flea louse Did Hooke make these drawings? Or was it one Of his bright young lab assistants, Christopher Wren… 12

13. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Christopher WrenSt. Paul’s Cathedral One of many Wren buildings that dot the London skyline Wikimedia Commons Thomas Wesenberg 13

14. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Ancient eye glasses The magnifying properties of drops of melted glass led to the development of eyeglasses 14

15. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Galileo Galilei 1564-1642 Galileo and his telescope 1610 The Platform of High-Scope Program - hp1 15

16. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Robert Hooke’s drawings Fly eyes flea louse 16

17. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Nicolas Hartsoeker – conception of sperm - Preformation 17

18. The Cell Acetabularia Wikipedia albert kok 18

19. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? 3.8 bya 3.2 bya 2.7 bya 1.2 bya 900 mya Origin of mitochondria Archaean line Eukaryote line Bacterial line Photosynthesis Origin of chloroplasts Origin of nucleus Source: Biology Today and Tomorrow – figure 13-8 – Page 246-7, Nature Geoscience, David Wacey, Martin Brazier, et. al. 19

20. GENES – WHAT ARE THEY? WHERE ARE THEY? Robert Hooke and his drawing of a thin slice of cork, seen through his microscope Hooke’s microscope, drawn by Hooke in 1665 Cork “cells”? 20

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24. Wikimedia Commons Miguelsierra 24

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26. Source: Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 103 Figure 6.2 26

27. Source: Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 103 Figure 6.2 27

28. Source: Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 105 Figure 6.4 28

29. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Flickr hbunny http://www.flickr.com/photos/hbunny_4400/2748692373/sizes/z/in/photostream/ 2012/3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Trailer screenshot http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Judy_Garland_in_I_Could_Go_On_Singing _trailer_4.jpg?uselang=zh-tw 2012/3/13 visited Flickr Boss Tweed http://www.flickr.com/photos/bosstweed/173972602/sizes/m/in/photostream/ 2012/3/13 visited This work is from godijustwantaspace - Little People Big World + http://godijustwantaspace.wikispaces.com/Little+People+Big+World http://godijustwantaspace.wikispaces.com/Little+People+Big+World and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf Wikipedia Hunter Freyer Subject: Michael Kelly's left earlobe. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Earlobefreephoto.jpg 202/5/28 visited Copyright Declaration 29

30. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Windows to the universe - Lisa Gardiner http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Life/genetics_puzzle.html 2011/12/27 visited Flickr Aine D http://www.flickr.com/photos/dainec/2596093/sizes/m/in/photostream/ 2012/5/28 visited Wikimedia Commons: Author Unknown http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gregor_Mendel_portrait.jpg 2012/3/13 visited Biology10thgrade http://biology10thgrade.wikispaces.com/Genetic%20crosses- 2012/3/13 visited DNA Wikipedia - DNA and Heredity http://dnainfo.wikispaces.com/DNA+and+Heredity 2012/11/1 visited Copyright Declaration 30

31. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source This work is from Gregor Mendel Manuscript, 1865, http://www.dnalc.org/view/16172-Gallery-3- Gregor-Mendel-Manuscript-1865.html and used for educational purpose only according to the claims on the same page of the above website and Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.http://www.dnalc.org/view/16172-Gallery-3- Gregor-Mendel-Manuscript-1865.html Wikimedia Commons Mary Beale http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles-Darwin-31.jpg 2012/3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons painted c1674 by Mary Beale http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont_portrait.jpg?use lang=zh-tw/ 2012/3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Robert Hooke http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hooke_Microscope.jpg 2012/3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Robert Hooke http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RobertHookeMicrographia1665.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RobertHookeMicrographia1665.jpg 2012/3/13 visited Copyright Declaration 31

32. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Wikimeida Commons Robert Hooke http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louse_diagram,_Micrographia,_Robert_Ho oke,_1667.jpg/ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louse_diagram,_Micrographia,_Robert_Ho oke,_1667.jpg/ 2012/3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Robert Hooke http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flea-Hooke.jpg 2012/3/13 visited Wikipedia Robert Hooke http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Compoundeye.png 2012/3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Sir Godfrey Kneller http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christopher_Wren_by_Godfrey_Kneller_1 711.jpg/ 2012/3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Thomas Wesenberg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:St._Paul%E2%80%99s_Cathedral_von_We sten.jpg?uselang=zh-tw/ 2012/3/13 visited Copyright Declaration 32

33. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Wikipedia RSekulovich http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scissors_glasses.jpg 2012/3/13 visited Wikipedia Conrad von Soest http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Conrad_von_Soest,_%27Brillenapostel%27_%2814 03%29.jpg 2012/3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Ottavio Leoni http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galileo_by_leoni.jpg 2012/3/13 visited Wikipedia: Author Unknown http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Justus_Sustermans_- _Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei,_1636.jpg 2011/12/21 visited The Platform of High-Scope Program - hp1 http://highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw/wordpress/?p=1422 2011/12/21 visited Copyright Declaration 33

34. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Wikipedia: Author Unknown http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Preformation.GIF 2012/4/9 visited Wikipedia albert kok http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Acetabularia_meditarranea.jpg 2012/3/13 visited This work is from Biology Today and Tomorrow – figure 13-8 – Page 246-7, Nature Geoscience, David Wacey, Martin Brazier, et. al. and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10- 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10- 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf This work is from Life 9e, Figure5.7, part3 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf This work is from Life 9e, Figure5.7, part1 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf Copyright Declaration 34

35. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Wikimedia Commons Mariana Ruiz Villarreal LadyofHats http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Animal_mitochondrion_diagram_en.svg 2012/3/13 visited Wikimedia Commons Miguelsierra http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scheme_Chloroplast-es.svg 2012/3/13 visited This work is from Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 103 Figure 6.2 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10- 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10- 305-OCW-Oct29.pdf This work is from Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 103 Figure 6.2 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf This work is from Biology Today and Tomorrow, page 105 Figure 6.4 and used/modified subject to the fair use doctrine in accordance with: Taiwan Copyright Act Articles 52 & 65 The "Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for OpenCourseWare 2009 (http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf)" by A Committee of Practitioners of OpenCourseWare in the U.S. The contents are based on Section 107 of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Acthttp://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/10-305-OCW-Oct29.pdf Copyright Declaration 35

36. WorkLicenseAuthor/Source Page1. – 36. This work is from Outsource PowerPoint Template Free Powerpoint Templates+ http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/outsource-powerpoint-template/ GET uses this work subject to fair use doctrine for educational purpose only in based on its ABOUT: http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/ and Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act. http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/outsource-powerpoint-template/http://www.free-power-point-templates.com/ Copyright Declaration 36