1. INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR RURAL ROAD NETWORK PLANNING – A CASE STUDYBy
I.Prasada Rao, B.K.Durai, P.K.Jain, Neelam Jain
Road Development Planning and Management
Central Road Research Institute
New Delhi
Map India-2003

2. Rural Roads in India
Tertiary road system: consists of other district roads and village roads
Feeder roads to the primary and secondary road system
Aims to connect habitations with all-weather roads
Developed so far under different programmes
Only about 50 per cent of 6.85 lakhs habitations are provided with all-weather road access.
PMGSY - >= 500 Year 2007
Map India-2003

3. Deficiency in Planning
Major deficiencies and poorly developed data base
Planning practices are guided by population criteria
Sectoral allocation of fund under five year plans
Several organization involved in planning and development
Map India-2003

4. VILLAGE AND ROAD INFORMATION SYSTEM
GIS - Would become indispensable in planning and management of database.
V&RIS help the planners and administrators to identify the problems associated with rural road development activities, location and provision of appropriate facilities, monitoring and maintenance management of the assets created in rural areas.
In these cases the information generated from the villages as well as the decision taken at the official level will flow faster to the official involved in development activities.
Urgent need to develop a simple method for collection and collation of data of village and roads, which will help in planning and provision of various facilities.

5. DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE
Village Level Data 
Demographic details
Socio-Economic facilities
Land-use patterns, etc
Rural Road Inventory
Map Data – Digital 1:50,000 or 25,000
Block as a Planning Unit and to be integrate for the district level Master Plan 

6. Survey of India topo sheets
Sources of Information
Survey of India topo sheets
Aerial photos
PWD road network maps
Revenue maps and records
Census maps and records
Inventory survey details
Traffic census data etc.
Map India-2003

7. Steps - Rural Road Planning
Preparation of maps and database in –GIS
Identification of major villages (facility villages), or the future growth villages.
Generation of shortest distance to the nearest major village along the existing network.
Assessing the accessibility of unconnected villages to the major village and prioritizing the villages and the link to be connected.
Map India-2003

8. NETWORK DEVELOPMENT
The following assumptions were made to obtain the most accessible link for connecting the unconnected villages in a total road network.
The population of the unconnected villages shall have to travel to nearby major village to fulfill their missing facilities or utility services.
The unconnected villages may be presently connected through various links such as fair-weather roads, cart tracts and footpaths and they will travel along this link to obtain the facilities.
Based on the above assumptions the unconnected villages are to be provided with all-weather connectivity by a link which is shortest and minimum cost link.
Map India-2003

9. Scanned Map of Rupauli Block(1:50,000)
Map India-2003

10. Base Map of Rupauli Block
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11. Village level database of Rupauli Block
Map India-2003

12. Map showing existing roads and
inventory data
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13. Thematic Map of Education Facilities

14. Development of Network
Habitation Index
Composite measure of development based on its demographic, socio-economic, infrastructure, and policy variables.
Each Variables can be given a Weightages based on its importance
HINDEX can be calculated using the equation:
Fxyi = Number of facility of x th type with y th intensity in habitation i
Wxy = Weight for x th facility of y th intensity
Contd…

15. Relative Weights for Facility Variables for Computing HINDEX
S. No.
FACILITIES
Weightages of variables
% Wxy for the Group 2 4 6 8
Maximum 1
Population
Below 250
Above 2001 16
SC/ST Population
Below 25
26-50
51-200
Above 301 3
Primary School
Nil
One
More than one 34
Middle School 5
High School No
Inter/College
Yes 7
Vocational School
Dispensary 18 9
Maternity Centre 10
PHC 11
Police Station 22 12
Post Office 13
Electrified 14
Panchayat Hqtr. 15
No. of days Market held
Two or more days
Hilly/coastal
Maximum Score
100

16. Hindex of the Villages

17. Hindex of the Villages

18. Growth Centers, Connected and Unconnected Villages
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19. Selection of Optimal Links
Major centres are identified
Shortest route from a UC village to a nearest facility (GC) centre along the existing route
The maximum accessible link has been identified for provision of connectivity
Map India-2003

20. Shortest Path from Unconn-ected Villages to Growth Centers
GC-2
GC-1
GC-5
GC-6
GC-3
GC-4
Shortest Path from Unconn-ected Villages to Growth Centers

21. Optimal Functional Network
( Access benefit-cost ratio)
Benefit for a Link Option can be computed using the equation:
where,
ABijℓ = Benefit derived from the link ℓ Connecting
i th Unconnected to j th Connected habitation
HINDEXi = Habitation Index for habitation i
D2ijℓ = Distance of between ith and jth habitations
(ℓ =1 to 3)

22. Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR)
of the Link Option
Where
Kℓ = Cost factor of the link option ℓ
Lℓ = Length of link option ℓ (to be considered
for upgradation or new construction)

23. Cost factor for various existing specifications of link options
S. No.
Type of exiting road
Suggested value of Kl 1.
A new road with three layers of WBM, PMC and seal coat with all CD works
1.00 2.
Two layer WBM with major CD
0.25 3.
Two layer WBM without major CD
0.40 4.
One layer WBM with major CD
0.50 5.
One layer WBM without major CD
0.65 6.
Gravel Road with CD
0.70 7.
Gravel Road without CD
0.75 8.
Earthen road with CD 9.
Earthen road without CD
0.85

24. Optimum Network
Map India-2003

25. Details of Existing and Proposed Roads
The existing total road length is about Km. Out of which Km. length of road network is proposed to connect the 37 unconnected villages in the Block by benefiting about population.
Map India-2003

26. Conclusion
V&RIS is very much useful for problem identification, planning, allocation and location of various socio-economic facilities for an integral rural development.
Useful for creation, maintenance and accessing of the GIS database.
Efficient tool for decision making with respect to any rural development programme
Using the information available at the road network layer, it will be easy to estimate the construction cost of selected links.
Based on the information a Road Maintenance Management System can be developed using the databases, which will sustain the road for a longer time with minimal efforts.
Map India-2003

27. Thank You

28.  Figure 1. Flow Chart for Village and Road Information System
V&RIS
Road Reference data
Rural Road Inventory
Road Geometric details
Terrain and soil type & Traffic
Road pavement condition & Surface Type
Map Data
Village Level Data
Rural Road Network Planning
S. No.
Name of Road
Road Code
Category of Road
(ODR/VR/Others)
Length (KM)
List of Habitations
on the Road
Road land width
(ROW)
Roadway width
(Formation width)
Carriage way width
Number of lanes
Width of shoulders
Extent of cracking
Extent of potholes
Surface type(BT,
WBM/Metal, Gravel, Earthen)
General condition of the
shoulders
Total thickness
Thickness of
wearing course
Thickness of Road base
sub-base
Terrain type
Type of soil
CBR
Average annual
daily traffic
Percentage of
trucks
CD Parameters
Type of CD
(Pipe/Slab/Causeway)
Type of crossing
(River, Nala)
Type of protection
work and condition
Total length
(water way span)
Width (M)
Location (Chainage)
Number of pipes
(in case of pipe culverts)
General condition of
side drainage
Habitation level: Demographic and other facilities details.
Survey of India toposheets. Arial photos & Satellite imageries
Figure 1. Flow Chart for Village and Road Information System 
Map India-2003

29. Village Level data 