1. Cell Injury 1 & 2

3. Slide 11: Vacuolar Degeneration Kidney Renal tubules –Note tiny small vacuoles –Displaced nucleus to the side Glomerulus

7. Slide 30 Intestine Caseation Necrosis Casseation Necrosis - Tuberculosis - Irreversible injury Grossly = like cheese – soft, whitish, crumbly - casseous  cassation necrosis Surrounded by epitheloid cells, giant cells, necrotic area. On X-ray report: Fibrocasseous density Fibrotic center After treatment: fibrocalcitic area/fibrotic area

12. Slide 96: Enzymatic Fat Necrosis (Pancreas) Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis necrosis Exocrine function -- CHO, Fats, Lipid enzymes Enzymes leak out of pancreas – lipase  digests Peripancreatic tissue gets digested  produced fatty acids, and stays in the tissue. Sapponified fat - see shadowy outlines of the fat cells, containing this. Whitish, opaque, crumbly. Severe abdominal pain. Note the following: –Normal pancreatic tissue –Necrosis of peripancreatic fats by enzymes released from pancreas

16. Slide: (no number) Lung Abscess Abscess - plenty of neutrophils/enzymes Irreversible Heterolysis Liquifies tissue Pus formation Note –Lung abscess – digestion of lung tissue producing a cavity filled with neutrophils and necrotic material –Alveoli with PMNs and edema

21. Fatty change, liver Fat accumulation inside hepatocyte as colorless vacuoles

66. Slide 50: CPC Lungs At pointer, antharcotic pigments (black) Large brownish cells  hemosiderin-laden macrophages

68. Slide 95: Gout At pointer, uric acid deposits Metabolic defect – HPGRT deficiency Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

70. Atheroma, Aorta At pointer  cholesterol clefts at T. Intima layer of blood vessel

72. Slide 17: Brown Atrophy, Heart Take note of widened interstitial spaces Tip of pointer  lipofuscin pigment (light yellow)

75. Slide 87: Squamous Metaplasia Cervix Presumably rise in the endocervical glands Have mixed glandular and squamous patterns that may have arised from reserved cells in the basal layer of the endocervical epithelium

77. Thyroid Hyperplasia (no slide number) Increased size of lining epithelium

79. Slide 42: Villous Adenoma, colon Pointer  portion of the stalk

81. Cavernous Hemangioma (slide 155) Most common benign lesion Chief clinical significance = should not be mistaken for metastatic tumors in radiological studies. Less common than capillary hemangioma

84. Slide 68: Dermoid Cyst 1 Benign mature teratoma – ovary

86. Slide : Dermoid Cyst 2 Benign mature teratoma – ovary Similar to the epidermal inclusion cyst, but also shows appendages such hair follicles.

88. Slide 67 Leiomyoma, Uterus Benign, well differentiated tumor contains interlacing bundles of neoplastic smooth muscle cells. Virtually identical in appearance to the normal smooth muscle cells in the myometrium Whirling appearance

91. Slide 133: Thyroid Adenoma Irregularly shaped capsule Neoplastic cells are demarcated from parenchyma by well-defined, intact capsule. (page 265, figure 8-6)