1. Modern China Emergence of a World Power

2. Republic of China 1912 Sun Yat-sen sets up a Western republican government Forms China’s first political party –Guomindong Also known as the Nationalist Party or the KMT When Sun Yat-sen dies, Jiang Jieshi (or Chang Kei-sheck) takes over the KMT –Chang Kei-sheck attempts to kill the CCP leadership and succeeds, opening the door for junior CCP leaders like Mao Tse-Tung (Zedong)

3. The CCP (Chinese Communist Party) Formed in 1921 Soviets advise although the party later split over proletariat issues –Urban vs. agrarian CCP unites with the KMT to fight the Japanese and later replace the KMT as the people’s party

4. The Long March 1934 Mao marches with party members Takes over 1 year and spans 6,000 miles When completed, 5/6 of the members had died Critical for Mao because it indicated the self- reliance of his faction of the CCP

5. The Sino-Japanese War 1931: Japan invaded Manchuria 1937: War CCP and KMT unite –CCP better at fighting the Japanese; KMT suffers huge losses Over time, people favor the CCP since they were defeating the Japanese 1945: CCP runs the Japanese out of Manchuria and confiscates a lot of Japanese weapons

6. Bye Bye Bye After the war, the KMT and CCP had nothing in common –CCP come out stronger, experienced and more popular Also better disciplined and equipped October 1, 1949, the CCP took over and Mao declares the People’s Republic of China (PRC) The defeated KMT and Jishing fled to Taiwan where they declared the Republic of China (ROC)

7. Great Leap Forward 1958 Plan to accelerate Chinese industrialization Take Stalin’s socialism in 1 country program BUT not to rely on the urban proletariat (because there was so few in China) and instead rely on party activist and the peasantry Disaster –Industrial production fell by as much as 50% in a program that was supposed to accelerate it –Induced a famine in which some 20-30 million Chinese died By 1960 even Mao recognized what a failure it was and called the GLF off

8. Ping Pong Diplomacy Gets name from the PRC’s decision to allow a US ping-pong team to travel to China and participate in a ping-pong tournament –1 st time China had officially welcomed a US delegation since 1949 Zhou Enlai emerges as the 2 nd most powerful man in China (one of Mao’s closest advisors) –Foreign minister –Helps arrange one of the most stunning political events during the Cold War Nixon’s visit to China in 1972

9. Cultural Revolution 1966-1976 Ideological crusade to restore the zeal of the CPP Like the Great Leap Forward in that both were campaigns of mass mobilization and utopian idealism but fundamentally diverged tactically and strategically –Far more violent that the GLF but strategically sought not to accelerate industry, but to ideological purify Led by the “Gang of Four” (the principle leader being Mao’s wife) Mao sat most of this out Ended in 1976 when Mao and Zhou died –The Moderates leapt to take advantage of their deaths and had the Gang of Four arrested, tried, and imprisoned

10. 4 Modernizations Deng Xiaoping becomes leader and embarks on his plan Catch China up to the West with his 4 Modernizations plan –1. Agriculture –2. Industry –3. Space –4. Military Also institutes the controversial One Child Policy to deal with the population explosion that would kill the modernizations –Very high rate of abortion as a means of birth control –High level of female infanticide

11. Tiananmen Square Spring 1989 Students agitating for political reform to match economic reforms Gathered to protest as Tiananmen Square –At one point the protestors reached 1 million June 4 th : The Chinese government lost its patience and unleashed the PLA (Peoples’ Liberation Army) –Crushed student protestors (death toll still a state secret in China) Probably in the high thousands Stunts any efforts in reform

12. Most recently.... 1997: Hong Kong was formally returned to Chinese authority –Viewed with great concern because it is one of the most prosperous and thoroughly capitalist enterprises in the world Also in 1997, Deng Xiaoping died –Last of the great revolutionary leaders –All of the ‘old guard’ from the Long March and the victory in 1949 (that generation) dies out 2007: Toy recall crisis –Industry has increased and the world has come to rely on China for production, however there are no environmental safeguards, human rights watches, or quality control on products