1. How to overthrow a dictator Applying NVDA in authoritarian settings This presentation is based on writing by Gene Sharp and Maria J. Stephan.

2. Definition of NVDA A “battle option” and “type of unconventional warfare” involving ordinary people involved in collective acts of strategic stubbornness and defiance –(Maria Stephan) A “technique of sociopolitical action for applying power in conflict without the use of violence” –(Gene Sharp)

3. How does power work? Monolithic model People power model –How does dictatorial power work? (see Chapter 3) –What are the weaknesses of dictatorial power (see chapter 4)

4. If you are stuck in an authoritarian country and want to change its politics, what are the problems with using violence (armed struggle) or relying on foreign actors? What is the underlying problem with negotiating for change?

5. What are the 4 general tasks you need to undertake to overthrow a dictator, according to Sharp? (chapter 1) Strengthen the oppressed population Strengthen civic organizations Create a power internal resistance fo rce Develop a grand strategic plan, and implement it

6. What are some of the advantages of NVDA (political defiance)? (chapter 5) What common errors do many NVDA campaigns make?

7. Nonviolent weapons system: +200 NV repertoires in 3 categories Protest and persuasion: marches, demos, streat theater, vigils, etc Noncooperation: strikes, boycotts, civil disobedience, tax revolts, etc. Direct Intervention: sit-ins, creation of parallel institutions, lying in front of bulldozers, etc.

8. What are the four possible outcomes of NVDA (“mechanisms of change”)? (chapter 5) Conversion Accommodation Nonviolent coercion disintegration

9. What are some of the key tips Sharp offers for waging successful NVDA? PLAN! Education: spread idea of NVDA and noncooperation Start small if you are likely to get repressed –Selective resistance: have separate campaigns for specific and smaller objectives Stick to the plan

10. Myths of NVDA NVDA = pacifism Effective only against liberal democracies NVDA = “weapon of the weak”