1. CHOICES “We are the sum total of all the choices we make.” -Woody Allen What Choices must you make? 1. To what degree do people judge you on the choices you make? 2.To what degree do you judge yourself based on the choices you make? 3. How are your values related to your choices?

2. PERSONAL FUFILLMENT SUCCESS HAPPINESS VALUE SYSTEM MARRIAGE FILIAL RESPONSIBILITY RELIGION CAREER LOVE FAMILY POLITICS FRIENDS A Crisis in Values

3. MODERNISM(1910-1960s) AN ARTISTIC, MUSICAL, AND LITERARY MOVEMENT IN THE 20 TH CENTURY  What are the most important issues of the last century? MARRIAGE FILIAL RESPONZ. RELIGION CAREER LOVE FAMILY POLITICS FRIENDS  What type of emotions/ideas would stem from these issues? RELATION TO CHOICES AND HUMAN PLIGHT

4. Rejection of nineteenth-century optimism, presented a profoundly pessimistic picture of a culture in disarray. This despair often results in an apparent apathy and moral relativism

5. MODERN PAINTERS PICASSO MATISSE KANDINSKY DALI

9. Dali

10. Art and Mentality PICASSO’S CUBISM FIRST PICTURE-Self Portrait 1899-1900 SECOND PICTURE-Self Portrait, cubist period Role of artist changes:

11. Art for arts sake…

12. MODERN AUTHORS HEMINGWAY FAULKNER FITZGERALD STEINBECK

14. MODERN ARCHITECTS WRIGHT GROPIUS LE CORBUSIER VAN DER ROHE

16. More rational and practical.

17. MODERN ENTERTAINMENT MOVEMENT SILENT MOVIES- OFTEN FOCUSED ON THE DANGERS OF THE MODERN WORLD MAJOR ACTORS- CHARLIE CHAPLIN & BUSTER KEATON

18. FORCES DRIVING MODERNISM SEARCH FOR REASON IN AN UNREASONED WORLD CONCERNED WITH INDUSTRIALIZATION AND THE DISPLACEMENT OF PERSONS BOTHERED BY THE HYPOCRACY OF CHRISTIANITY

19. MODERNISTS’ VIEW OF THE WORLD THE WORLD IS CHAOS THE WORLD IS UNSTABLE LOSS OF FAITH SEE A COLLAPSE OF MORALITY/VALUES

20. MODERNIST BELIEFS ALIENATION IS AN INCREASINGLY COMMON CONDITION NO ABSOLUTE CERTAINTIES AND TRUTHS

21. CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNISM LOSS OF FAITH IN THE AMERICAN DREAM REJECTION OF ARTIFICIALITY “Isn’t it pretty to think so?” - Hemingway

22. Mentality in Action CHECK YOURSELF When was the modernist time period? Who were the pervading/popular modernist authors?

23. Mentality in action: Hemingway "You're an expatriate. You've lost touch with the soil. You get precious. Fake European standards have ruined you. You drink yourself to death. You become obsessed by sex. You spend all your time talking, not working. You are an expatriate, see. You hang around cafés." Note- In order to understand the significance of the quote you need to know the meaning of the word expatriate: (v.) to withdraw oneself from allegiance to one’s country. How does this reflect modernist mentality? In this quote, it’s used as a noun…even though it’s actually a verb. We can assume, this was an intentional corruption of “ex- patriot.”

24. Mentality in Action: Steinbeck “Before I knowed it, I was sayin' out loud, 'The hell with it! There ain't no sin and there ain't no virtue. There's just stuff people do. It's all part of the same thing.' … I says, 'What's this call, this sperit?' An' I says, 'It's love. I love people so much I'm fit to bust, sometimes.‘… I figgered, 'Why do we got to hang it on God or Jesus? Maybe,' I figgered, 'maybe it's all men an' all women we love; maybe that's the Holy Sperit-the human sperit-the whole shebang. Maybe all men got one big soul ever'body's a part of.' Now I sat there thinkin' it, an' all of a suddent-I knew it. I knew it so deep down that it was true, and I still know it.”

25. Mentality in Action: Fitzgerald "He knew that when he kissed this girl, and forever wed his unutterable visions to her perishable breath, his mind would never romp again like the mind of God. So he waited, listening for a moment longer to the tuning-fork that had been struck upon a star. Then he kissed her. At his lips' touch she blossomed for him like a flower and the incarnation was complete." -The Great Gatsby The passage records Jay Gatsby's ill-fated courtship of Daisy, a captivating yet selfish and amoral woman. After renewing their tragic romance years later, Daisy proves to be the unworthy receptacle of Gatsby's idyllic dream and subsequently serves as the agent of his death.

26. Faulkner One-Liners A mule will labor ten years willingly and patiently for you, for the privilege of kicking you once. Facts and truth really don't have much to do with each other. Given the choice between the experience of pain and nothing, I would choose pain. Clocks slay time... time is dead as long as it is being clicked off by little wheels; only when the clock stops does time come to life.

28. WRITING STYLE Imagery and symbolism- frequent Colloquial language Literature as art- form, style, and technique are important Often includes much dialogue Stream-of-consciousness;interior dialogue

29. Narration is structured by narrator's or character's flow of consciousness and memory Associative (rather than conventional "linear") Often employs flashback and flash forward techniques STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS

30. MODERN HERO IN LITERATURE Rejection of the ideal hero Hero in modern story will be flawed and disillusioned EX: JAY GATSBY-THE GREAT GATSBY GEORGE MILTON-OF MICE AND MEN

31. New hero: ironic, frustrating, disappointing, self-doubting, anxious

32. CHARACTERIZATION IN MODERN LITERATURE INTEREST IN THE INNER WORKINGS OF THE HUMAN MIND/ INTENSELY PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION (Freud and Jung) READER LEARNS ABOUT CHARACTERS PRIMARILY THROUGH DIALOGUE

33. PLOTS AND MODERN LITERATURE EXPLORES: SENSE OF ISOLATION, UNCERTAINTY, DISILLUSIONMENT. DISJOINTEDNESS, AND MEANINGLESSNESS THAT CHARACTERIZE MODERN LIFE

34. MODERN LITERATURE FORMS LITERATURE OFTEN LACKED EXPOSITIONS, RESOLUTIONS,AND TRANSITIONS

35. THEMES IN MODERN LITERATURE 1.Critique of traditional values of our culture 2.Loss of meaning and hope in the world 3.Alienation from society and loneliness 5. Violence and Alienation 6. Decadences and Decay 7. Loss and Despair

36. READERS ROLE OLD READERS His role is passive: HE IS: –Taught –Entertained –Emotionally involved MODERNIST READERS The reader has an active role –must give his own subjective interpretation

37. Quiz When did Modernism take place? Name two Modernist authors. What is Modern art characterized by? What is the Modernist mentality characterized by? Name two Modernist writing characteristics.