1. Features of a Good Model
1. It should account for observed data.
2. It should allow for new data.
If a revision is necessary of the model to allow for new data, it should be a natural extension rather than a complete rewrite.
3. It should predict new phenomena.

2. Chomsky's Levels of Adequacy of a "Grammar" - 1
OBSERVATIONAL: Should generate / describe / allow for all the phonology, semantics, syntax of the language and disallow things NOT in the language. E.g., this is a good word, sentence, etc. in English; that is not. (NEED RULES.)
DESCRIPTIVE: Ditto. PLUS: Rules or representations (e.g., trees) should reflect speaker's intuition about the language. E.g., should reflect that speakers split sentences between subject and predicate, that we recognize certain sentences as ambiguous, that some sentences are related.

3. Chomsky's Levels of Adequacy of a "Grammar" - 2
EXPLANATORY: Ditto. PLUS: (1) Principles that would help us to choose between 2 different descriptively adequate grammars; (2) an indication of how a child could acquire this grammar.
Carroll, David W Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 35.

4. Grammar of 123 Artificial Language
List-Based Grammar
1 2 3
2 1 3
3 2 1
2 3 1
3 1 2
1 3 2
Rule-Based Grammar
1. Every "sentence" must contain three elements.
2. These elements range over 1, 2, 3.
3. No element can be repeated.

5. IPA Phonetic Chart
Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. ix.

6. American English Consonants
Fromkin, Victoria and Robert Rodman. An Introduction to Language, sixth edition. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998, p. 233.

7. Simple Set of Phrase-Structure Rules
PS 1 S  NP VP
PS 2 NP  det (adj) N
PS 3 VP  V NP
PS 8 VP  V S
PS 4 N  swimmer, medal, horse, child, man
PS 5 V  accepted, returned, are, eat, thinks,
left
PS 6 adj  young, silver, beautiful, eating
PS 7 det  a, the
Carroll, David W Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 25f.

8. The House that Jack Built - 1 (The Real Mother Goose. 1994
The House that Jack Built - 1 (The Real Mother Goose New York: Scholastic Inc., pp )
2 This is the house
that Jack built.
3 This is the malt
that lay in the house
4 This is the rat
that ate the malt

9. The House that Jack Built - 2 (The Real Mother Goose. 1994
The House that Jack Built - 2 (The Real Mother Goose New York: Scholastic Inc., pp )
5 This is the cat
that killed the rat
that ate the malt
that lay in the house
that Jack built.
6 This is the dog
that worried the cat

10. The House that Jack Built - 3 (The Real Mother Goose. 1994
The House that Jack Built - 3 (The Real Mother Goose New York: Scholastic Inc., pp )
7 This is the cow with the crumpled horn
that tossed the dog
that worried the cat
that killed the rat
that ate the malt
that lay in the house
that Jack built.
8 This is the maiden all forlorn
that milked the cow with the crumpled horn

11. The House that Jack Built - 4 (The Real Mother Goose. 1994
The House that Jack Built - 4 (The Real Mother Goose New York: Scholastic Inc., pp )
9 This is the man all tattered and torn
that kissed the maiden all forlorn
that milked the cow with the crumpled horn
that tossed the dog
that worried the cat
that killed the rat
that ate the malt
that lay in the house
that Jack built.

12. The House that Jack Built - 5 (The Real Mother Goose. 1994
The House that Jack Built - 5 (The Real Mother Goose New York: Scholastic Inc., pp )
10 This is the priest all shaven and shorn
that married the man all tattered and torn
that kissed the maiden all forlorn
that milked the cow with the crumpled horn
that tossed the dog
that worried the cat
that killed the rat
that ate the malt
that lay in the house
that Jack built.

13. The House that Jack Built - 6 (The Real Mother Goose. 1994
The House that Jack Built - 6 (The Real Mother Goose New York: Scholastic Inc., pp )
11 This is the cock
that crowed in the morn
that waked the priest all shaven and shorn
that married the man all tattered and torn
that kissed the maiden all forlorn
that milked the cow with the crumpled horn
that tossed the dog
that worried the cat
that killed the rat
that ate the malt
that lay in the house
that Jack built.

14. The House that Jack Built - 7 (The Real Mother Goose. 1994
The House that Jack Built - 7 (The Real Mother Goose New York: Scholastic Inc., pp )
12 This is the farmer sowing the corn
that kept the cock
that crowed in the morn
that waked the priest all shaven and shorn
that married the man all tattered and torn
that kissed the maiden all forlorn
that milked the cow with the crumpled horn
that tossed the dog
that worried the cat
that killed the rat
that ate the malt
that lay in the house
that Jack built.

15. Morpheme Types
Aadapted from Parker, Frank & Kathryn Riley Linguistics for Non-Linguists. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, p. 95.