1. WHII: SOL 6c English Civil War

2. Absolute Monarchs in England Tudor monarchs believed in divine right, they recognized the value of good relations with Parliament Elizabeth I died childless in 1603; her heir was James Stuart king of Scotland – Stuart was not as adept at dealing with Parliament – Led to a century of Revolution

4. James I and Charles I James I had agreed to rule according to English laws and customs, soon argued about divine right “I will not be content that my power be disputed upon” Both ruled as absolute monarchs Ruled for many years without Parliament Often dismissed Parliament Imposed taxes on the people in violation to the Magna Carta Denied habeas corpus to the nobility

5. Charles I Forced by Parliament to sign the Petition of Right, which prohibited the king from raising taxes without Parliament’s consent or from jailing anyone without legal justification Long Parliament 1640-1653 – Tried and executed the king’s chief ministers – Declared that Parliament could not be dissolved without its own consent – Raised an army to challenge Charles I

6. English Civil War 1642-1651 Supporters of Charles I called Cavaliers – Wealthy nobles (known for long hair) – Well trained in dueling and warfare Supporters of Parliament called Roundheads – Country gentry – Town-dwelling manufacturers – Puritan clergy – Tough fighters with courage of their convictions

8. English Civil War Oliver Cromwell became a leader of genius for the Roundheads Organized a new army for Parliament, made up of officers selected for skill not social class By 1647 the king was in the hands of parliamentary forces Parliament set up a court to put Charles I on trial

12. English Civil War Charles I was executed in January 1649 **Shocked Europe** 1 st time a ruling monarch had been executed by his own people-no ruler could claim absolute power and ignore the rule of law