1. Integrating Vegetables Into Maize Based-Farming Systems in Babati District, Tanzania 4 th Review & Planning Meeting @ Magochi, Malawi July14-16, 2015 Victor Afari-Sefa - AVRDC-ESA Inviolate DominicK – AVRDC-ESA Philipo Joseph- AVRDC - ESA Danny Coyne-IITA Ben Lukuyu- ILRI Leonard Marwa- ILRI

2. Synopsis  Introduction  Achievements on technology development during the 2015- 2016 production season  Key technologies  Economic Cost-benefit analysis of introduced technologies  Environmental impact caused by use of technology  Target activities to mature the technology  Tools produced  Conclusion

3. WHY “Integration of vegetables into maize/legume - based farming systems of Babati  To optimize productivity and diversifying household diets and income through promotion of increased consumption of nutrient dense vegetables  Evaluate diverse options for sustainable intensification of vegetables into crop and poultry enterprises and apply innovations that sustainably increase output from the same land area, while reducing negative environmental impacts.

4. Vegetable maize intercropping HOW?

5. Vegetable maize Intercropping Vegetable, maize, legume intercropping

6. Vegetable, maize, legume, rotation

8. WHAT are the Technology introduced? 1. Quality Seeds of Elite Varieties Year Introduced Tomato (Tengeru 2010)2013- 2015 Amaranths (Madiira 1)2013-2015 African Egg plant (Tengeru white)2013- 2015 Amaranths (Madiira 11)2013 -2015 Tomato (Tanya)2014-2015 Sweet pepper (Yolo wonder)2014-2015 Ethiopian mustard (Rungwe)2014-2015 Night shade (Nduruma2014-2015

9. Technology cont…., 2. Healthy seedlings

10. 3. Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) Items Practices 1. Nursery establishmentUse of good quality seeds, healthy seedlings, soil, treatment, good management 2. Field and land Management (cultural practices) Timely planting base on cropping calendar, irrigation 3. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) (Physical, chemical and biological methods) 4. Crop productionFollow recommended demo protocols 5. Crop protectionHealth seedlings, good quality seeds, fencing, minimal pesticide application 6. Postharvest handling practices Maturity index, Proper harvest, sorting and grading, packaging, storage and cooling, recipe preparation, preparations for marketing 7. RecordsKeeping track of what is happening on the farm

11. GAP- Practices Manure application IPM Mulching Proper spacing Stalking Irrigation Weeding

12. Use of empty water bottles for drip irrigation

13. Farmers use A. Marygold to control nematode

14. 4. Vegetable –poultry integration  Use of vegetable and vegetable residues as poultry feed to reduce pre and post harvest loss  Poultry droppings as manure in integrated vegetable farming systems to enhance nutrient recycling

15. Poultry–house preparation in progress

16. 5. Mobile vegetable garden Benefits  Perfect solution for those with limited land  Vegetables are easy to access for human consumption and poultry feed  Easy to manage  Plants get good air circulation, decreased potential for fungal diseases attack  Keeps produce off the ground, preventing rotten on the bottom or being chewed by mice or slugs  Encourage more women to engage in vegetable production and consumption !

17. Mobile garden at Matufa village farmers home Pigeon pea residues for fencing mobile gardens and scavengers (poultry)

18. Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation africa-rising.net Profit margin variation btn treatments (expressed in % of the base-FSFPs ) Treatment impactTomatoAfrican EggplantAmaranths Effect of HS+GAPs130.58119.45109.72 Effect of HS only47.9829.59106.66 Diff*82.6089.863.05 * Effect of Good Agronomic Practices (GAPs) only Our findings

19. Economic: Production Increase  Production technologies involved the use of health seedlings and good agricultural practices (researched against farmers seedlings farmer practices) in growing tomato, African eggplant and Amaranth. The study shows that, tomato production increased by 49.87%, eggplant production by 64.37% and Amaranths by 34.91% as follows Increased tomato production from 35.6 t/ha (FS-FPs) to 58.0 t/ha (HS-GAPs African eggplant production from 35.9 t/ha (FS-FPs) to 69.5 t/ha (HS-GAPs) Amaranth production from 51.5 t/ha (FS-FPs) to 72.2 t/ha (HS-GAPs)  The average price for each crop at the time of data collection in October 2014 was as shown CropsAv. Price (TZS)/kg Tomato2,171.83 Amaranths1,296.25 African eggplant8,49.59

20. Quantity consumed, quantity given as gifts and losses after harvest are included in the data, losses after harvest(caused by pest and diseases, bird eaters) were deducted

21. Economic: Undiscounted Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR)  The undiscounted BCR was computed from the data collected whereby Tomato had BCR of 7.7 for HS-GAPs, 6.0 for FS-FPs; African eggplant had BCR of 3.73 and Amaranths had BCR of 2.43 each obtained from an area of 0.0012ha  The BCR greater than 1 shows that adopting the use of health seedlings (HS) developed from good quality elite seeds in combination with other GAPs make vegetables a more profitable farming business though contribution of GAPs is more evident by the profit margin variation between treatments as shown in the next slide

22. Economic: Undiscounted Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) UNDISCOUNTED BCR TreatmentsNTomato BCRAEP BCRAmaranths BCR HS-GAPs167.75.23.2 HS-FPs167.43.92.0 FS-FPs166.03.81.7 Total487.04.32.3 Diff* (HSGAPs-FSFPs)1.71.41.5

23. Economic: cont....,  In addition, the results show the possibility of the family to generate for:  Tomato: An average income of US$ 59.40 per 0.0012 ha per season  African eggplant: An average income of US$ 21.03 per 0.0012 ha per season  Amaranths: An average income US$ 8.30 per 0.0012 ha per season

24. Environmental impact caused by use of technology Good quality seeds, Health seedling & GAP (+VE)) 1. Incidence of pest and diseases reduction 2. Reduce amount of artificial fertilizer application & pesticide 3. Recycling – poultry droppings as manure, water bottles for irrigation and local containers, mulch, crop residues for livestock feeds e.g. poultry ) 4. Postharvest handling practices Proper harvest, grading, cleaning, sorting, packaging and storage

25. Pest incidence on tomato  TREATMENTS  1. Healthy seedlings, GAP  2. Healthy seedlings farmer practice  3. Farmer seedlings, farmer practice

26. Pest incidence on tomato

27. Target activities to mature the technology Capacity building through:  Training of extension agents and farmer trainers (Farming as a business, postharvest handling and processing, pest management and pesticide use)  Practical training in demonstration plots stage by stage crop-wise

28. Vegetable/maize/legume integration  Sensitization meetings in AR project sites  Facilitation and establishment of demonstration plots categorized best practices (HS/GAP) and normal practices  Joint field visit (feedback and improvement)  Preparation of farmer friendly training materials (pamphlets, brochures, posters) Target activities cont…...,

29.  Assess the costs and returns of each promoted technology & data sharing  Compare results of new technologies with farmer standard practices  Graduation and provision of certificates  Scaling out technologies to neighboring community and other areas/ villages

30. Target activities cont…,  At least 300 additional farmers become aware of and are engaged in additional elite AVRDC vegetable variety evaluation for adaptation in target communities  Appropriate ICPM of vegetable pest and diseases developed to realize the opportunity for vegetables integrated into existing farming systems  At least 2 community seedling units established within two target project villages following initial mobilization, training and set-up.

31. Target activities cont…,  Market information and/linkages for farm households to access vegetables markets established  At least 1 best-bet technology for optimizing water harvesting and/or water use efficiency for vegetables identified for subsequent dissemination to beneficiary farmers

32. Target activities cont…,  At least 1 best-bet technology for enhanced optimal nutrient recycling of vegetable-poultry integration in the farming system conservation method for poultry feed and poultry dropping as organic manure of the project area identified and evaluated (in collaboration with livestock and feed research theme).

33. Target activities to cont…,  At least two M.Sc. studies on the (i) economic cost benefit analysis of best-bet technological packages, (ii) vegetable poultry integration, (iii) ICPM analysis and policy recommendations completed.  Effective technological dissemination approaches for increased demand creation and promotion of selected elite vegetable varieties and scaling-up for increased vegetable consumption within maize-based cropping systems evaluated.

34. Tools produced  Demonstration protocols for Tomato, A. Eggplant, Amaranths, S. pepper, E. mustard and Nightshade  Extension training materials and Farmer learning materials (pamphlets, brochures, posters hand outs with regard to GAP, postharvest handling technologies, farming as a business, vegetable preparation and consumption

35. Tools produced cont....,  Vegetable crops integration production guide  Quality Seeds of Elite Varieties & Health seedlings  Demos as farmer schools  Recipe preparation guide  Monitoring and record keeping forms and farmer record book in local languge

36. Tools produced cont...., Vegetable - poultry integration  One scientific report and poster on preliminary survey produced  Location and set up of poultry structure for manure collection  Trained Extension agent & Farmers to facilitate technology adoption

37. Farmers using the guide during recipe preparation practical training

38. Extension agent are role models in technology adoption

39. Conclusion  Document good practice/technologies  Data sharing  Communicate research to stakeholders to make technology work  Gender integration  Come up with strategies/technology to increase more female in project

40. END ? !!!???

41. THANK YOU