1. Digital Image Processing NET 404) ) Introduction and Overview
Chapter 1
2012
Teacher: Remah W. AlKhatib

2. Contents lecture will cover: What is a digital image?
What is digital image processing?
History of digital image processing
State of the art examples of digital image processing
Key stages or components in digital image processing

3. What is an image?
Image
A 2D function f (x, y) that can be observed by human visual system
x and y are spatial (Plane) coordinates
Amplitude of f at a point is intensity or gray level of image at that point

4. What is an image? Thebitmap representation
Also called “raster or pixel maps” representation
An image is broken up into a grid

5. What is a Digital Image?
A digital image is a representation of a two dimensional image as a finite set of digital values, called picture elements or pixels

6. What is a Digital Image? (cont…)
Pixel values typically represent gray levels, colors, heights, opacities etc
Digitization implies that a digital image is an approximation of a real scene

7. What is a Digital Image? (cont…)
Common image formats include:
1sample per point (B&W or Grayscale)
3 samples per point (Red, Green, and Blue)
4 samples per point (Red, Green, Blue, and “Alpha”, a.k.a. Opacity)
For most of this course we will focus on grey-scale images

8. Digital Image
Color images have 3 values per pixel; monochrome images have1 value per pixel.

9. What is Digital Image Processing?
Refers to processing digital images by means of operations on digital computer.
Digital image processing focuses on two major tasks:
Improvement of pictorial information for human interpretation
Processing of image data for storage, transmission and representation for autonomous machine perception

10. Several fields deal with images
Computer Graphics
The creation of images.
Image Processing and Image Analysis
Mainly concerned with interpreting a given image
The enhancement or other manipulation of the image
The result of which is usually another images. Image Understanding (Computer Vision)
The analysis of image content.

11. Image processing Disciplines

12. A Historical Overview of DIP
Newspaper industry used Bartlane cable picture transmission system to send pictures by submarine cable between London and New York in 1920s

13. Early Improvement
The number of distinct gray levels coded by Bartlane system
was improved from 5 to 15 by the end of 1920s

14. The Born of Digital Computers
The images in previous slides are digital; but they are NOT considered as the results of DIP
What do we mean by Digital Image Processing
Processing digital images by a digital computer

15. The Boom of Digital Images in the Last 20 Years
Acquisition
Digital cameras, scanners
MRI and Ultrasound imaging
Infrared and microwave imaging
Transmission
Internet, wireless communication
Display
Printers, LCD monitor, digital TV

16. Soar Into Outer Space

17. A Physical Perspective of Image Acquisition
Extend the capabilities of human vision systems
From visible spectrum to non-visible electromagnetic power spectrum
From close-distance sensing to remote sensing

18. Visible (I): Photography

19. Visible (II): Motion Pictures

20. Visible (III): Law Enhancement and Biometrics

21. Visible (IV): Light Microscopy

22. Visible (V): Remote Sensing

23. Beyond Visible (I): Thermal Images

24. Beyond Visible (II): Radar Images

25. Beyond Visible (III): MRI and Astronomy

26. Beyond Visible (IV): Medical Diagnostics