2. Diversity of Life

3.  Classification is the grouping of things according to internal and external characteristics  The science of classifying organisms is known as taxonomy

4.  Aristotle grouped animals according to the way they moved ◦ Walk ◦ Fly ◦ Swim  HUGE problem since birds and bees were classified in the same group!

5.  Developed by Linnaeus  Two-name system  Each organism has a genus and a species name  First name (genus); second name (species)

6.  Combination of the genus and species name of an organism  Scientific names of organisms are always italicized or underlined: (Genus is capitalized & species name is lower-case)

7.  Domain  Kingdom  Phylum  Class  Order  Family  Genus  Species

8. D id K ing P hillip C ome O ver F or G ood S oup Domain

9. ◦ Bacteria – (prokaryotic) no nucleus  Unicellular  Reproduce asexually by diving in two  Come in 3 basic shapes  rod, round and spiral  Examples: strep, E. coli, salmonella

10.  Archaea – (prokaryotic) no nucleus ◦ Unicellular ◦ Different from any other form of life chemically ◦ Can live in extreme conditions  Thermophiles (heat)  Halophiles (salt)  Methanogens (methane)

11.  Eukarya – (eukaryotic) has nucleus ◦ Unicellular (protists and some fungi) ◦ Multicellular (plants, animals and some fungi) ◦ Have a nucleus  Contain 4 kingdoms each with different characteristics  Protista  Animalia  Plantae  Fungi

12.  Unicellular or very simple multicellular  Can be: ◦ Plant-like – autotrophs (producer)  diatoms, algae, volvox, euglena ◦ Animal-like – heterotrophs (consumer)  Ameba, paramecium, euglena  Based on locomotion  Cilia –little hairs (ciliates like the paramecium)  flagellum(a) – whip like tail (flagellates like the euglena)  pseudopod(s -ia) –false feet (sarcodines like the ameba) ◦ Fungus-like – saprotrophs (decomposer)  slime mold

13.  Multicellular  Very DIVERSE  Heterotrophs (consumers)  Examples: ox, people, bear, goose, octopus, narwhal, fish, birds, insects, spiders and MANY MORE

14.  Multicellular  Autotrophs (producers)  Examples: trees, flowering, mosses, water plants

15.  Mostly multicellular except for yeast  Saprotrophs (decomposers)  3 main groups: ◦ Mushrooms ◦ Molds ◦ Yeasts are unicellular (single-celled)  Can be harmful (cause diseases) or helpful (edible, used to make food and medicine)