1. Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
The Five Kingdoms
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

2. Biology Warm Up Today’s WarmUp
Please read the WarmUp guidelines on your table
Keep this paper in your binder.
It is part of your binder check on Monday.
Today’s WarmUp
One system for classifying living organisms identifies five kingdoms of living things.
On your paper list what those five kingdoms might be.
For each kingdom list the defining characteristics of the group.
Be sure that every living thing fits into one of your kingdoms.

3. 1. Monera Simplest organisms, one celled, prokaryotic
Found everywhere on earth, some are helpful, some harmful, consumers
They need water, oxygen and appropriate temperature to survive
Most feed on dead plants & animals
Most do not move (non-motile)
Asexual reproduction by binary fission (12)
Sexual reproduction by conjugation

4. 1. Monera Prokaryotic: simplest life forms
cell membrane and cytoplasm,
no membrane-bound organelles. (organisms with membrane-bound organelles, like a nucleus, are called eukaryotes).
Modern classification splits this kingdom in two

5. Cell Parts
cytoplasm
cell membrane
cell wall
some have flagella
Cell Shapes
Round (coccus, cocci)
Rod-Shaped (bacillus, bacilli)
Spiral (spirillum, spirilli)

6. Different Types of Bacteria

7. 2. Protista Most one celled organisms, eukaryotic, most live in water
PROTOZOA – animal-like, one-celled, move, consumers (don’t make food)
ALGAE – plant-like, most one-celled, have chlorophyll, producers (make food)
SLIME MOLDS – fungus-like, one-celled, have 2 life stages (1 fungus-like life stage), consumers
Amoeba
Examples

8. Kingdom PROTISTA

9. 3. Fungi Multi-cellular, eukaryotic organisms
Most have large cells and many nuclei
Fungi have cell walls made of chitin
They are consumers, and grow in dark moist places

10. Kingdom FUNGI

11. 4. Plantae Many-celled, eukaryotic Have cell walls made of cellulose
Contain chlorophyll, they are producers
(make their own food though photosynthesis)
Live in both aquatic & land environments
Plants do not move (usually)
Examples include: mosses, ferns, grasses, shrubs, flowering plants (angiosperms), trees (gymnosperms)

12. Kingdom PLANTAE

13. 5. Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular
Consumers (cannot do photosynthesis)
No cell wall

14. 5. Animalia Mollusks Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates
We will look at 9 phyla (plural of phylum)
Poriferans
Coelenterates
Platyheminthes
Nematodes
Annelids
Mollusks
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates

15. Phylum: Porifera (Sponges)

16. 1. Porifera (Sponges) Simple organisms 2 cell layers
No head or mouth, no organs
Porous body with stiff skeleton
Attached to underwater surfaces
Live in fresh water and salt water
No symmetry

17. Phylum Coelenterata

18. 2. Coelenterata (jellyfish, sea anemones, sea fans, corals)
2 cell layers
Tentacles around the mouth
Tentacles have stinging cells
Mouth is the only opening into the
digestive cavity
Have radial symmetry
Most live in salt water

19. Phylum Platyhelminthes

32. 3. Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
(flukes, tapeworms, planarians)
3 cell layers
Mouth is the only opening into the
digestive cavity
Many are parasitic (flukes, tapeworms)
Many live in the ocean (planarians)
Exhibit bilateral symmetry

33. Phylum Nematoda

34. 4. Nematoda (Round Worms)
(hookworms, pinworms, trichinae)
Have tubular body
Have digestive tract with 2 openings
Live mainly in the soil, water or animal
tissues
Reproduce sexually
Exhibit bilateral symmetry

35. Phylum Annelida

36. 5. Annelida (Segmented Worms)
(earthworms, sandworms, leeches)
3 cell layers
Segmented body with pair of bristles on
each segment
Have circulatory, digestive & nervous
systems (breathe through skin)
Move by contracting circular and
longitudinal muscles

37. Phylum Molluska

38. 6. Mollusca (snails, slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses, squids)
3 distinct body parts
Head-foot
Heart and organs
Mantle
Have soft body protected by 1 shell, 2 shells or no shell
Live in fresh or salt water, or on land

39. Phylum Arthropoda

40. 7. Arthropoda
Have jointed legs, segmented bodies & exoskeleton, have bilateral symmetry
They live in the water, land and air
The 5 major classes include:
1. Crustaceans (Lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp)
2. Arachnids – 8 legs, 2 body parts
(Spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions)
3. Insects – 6 legs, 3 body parts
(Beetles, grasshoppers, dragonflies, butterflies)
4. Centipedes & 5. Millipedes

41. Phylum Echinodermata

42. 8. Echinodermata
(starfish, sea urchins, brittle stars, sand dollars, sea cucumbers)
Have 5 body parts (“arms”) radiating out
Have bumpy, spiny internal skeleton
Have “tube feet”
Live in salt water on ocean
bottom
Exhibit radial symmetry

43. Phylum Chordata

44. 9. Chordata All chordates have: Gill slits (they stay or disappear)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum
All chordates have:
Gill slits (they stay or disappear)
Notochord (supporting rod of tissue along the back)
Hollow nerve tube (runs along the back)
Most chordates have a back bone (Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals)
Some chordates do not have a back bone (Tunicates and Lancelets)
Classes

45. Fish – live in water, breathe through gills, are covered by scales, and are cold-blooded
Amphibians – live in moist environment, in or near water, or on land for short periods, have thin moist skin, and are cold-blooded
Reptiles – live on land, breath through lungs, have dry scaly skin, are cold-blooded
5 Classes
Birds – live on land & over H2O, have feathers, fly, breath through lungs, warm-blooded
Mammals – live on land and in or near water, have hair, fur, females have mammary glands that produce milk for young. They lay eggs, or have pouches, or develop in the mother (live birth).