1. Oregon State University IPPC Online Programs: IPM Decision Support Tools Paul Jepson & Leonard Coop Integrated Plant Protection Center Oregon State University

2. Specific DSS Products ** Weather-driven pest models –Phenology (degree-day) models –Disease risk models ** PNW Pest Control Handbooks Caneberry IPM Phenology: Conservation BioControl – 2007 Pest Alert Systems, IPM Portal, Peppermint DSS (all highlighted around 2003)

3. PNW Online Pest Management Handbooks Evolved from print-only handbooks (pub. since 1970s) Online Plant Disease Guide developed and maintained by Jay Pscheidt & Cindy Ocamb (OSU) – in a SQL database, delivered via Coldfusion since ca. 1996 Online Weed and Insect Books – conversion and online publishing by IPPC, evolving features, very little outside support (ca. 20K 2001-2003)

4. Online access – 10x growth in 2 years –Handbook: 1 st online 2003 2004 2005 –----------------------------------------------------------------------------- –Insects200313,99941,553 80,011 –Weeds200220,28042,922299,618 –Plant Diseases199635,97739,894308,656 –Total --70,356 124,369688,286

5. Original vision/prototype: 1998

6. 2005: MSDS links

7. Insects: Ken Gray Photo Collection

8. Search engines: highlight matches

9. Online Weed handbook: new Weed ID Collection, several extra chapters

10. PNW Online Pest Management Handbooks Vision developed in 1998: we are very close today Automated publishing process (RTFtoHTML, custom Perl scripts) Four-way navigation: TOC, search, pulldown menus, previous/next page ID photos: now all 3 handbooks WEEDS: 718 links to 527 photos; INSECTS: 3,542 links to photos New 2005: links from pesticides to MSDS pages/pesticide labels: e.g. INSECTS: 2154 links INSECTS: 1,000+ in context links to related web sites (checked and updated yearly) Usage: 10-fold increases 2003-2005 Print version publication continues: ca. 1,800 pages total

11. Online IPM Handbook Issues Weed, insect, disease pests not yet truly integrated in print or online (could integrate via a search engine – not yet implemented) Scrolling gets tedious Size of print edition limits adding more IPM info Ken Gray insect slide collection needs updating Late release of online Weed and Insect versions (June – August). My goal: May 1st Weed Handbook - related websites not yet incorporated Weed Handbook – herbicide selection expert system in development

12. Degree-day calculator and models integrated with 6,300+ weather stations

13. Online Weather Data from IPPC - history Today (April 5th, 2006) is the 10 th anniversary of the website 1995-6 “bootstrap” era – initial products for Oregon converted from Pascal DOS programs into AWK 1996-1999 PNW 3-state era, some Areawide Codling Moth funding, initial WR IPM funding 1999-2004 WR IPM grants, support OR grower networks and disease models, 5 state NW region (900+ weather stations, 45 pest models) 2004-present Focus on plant disease models, expand to national status (2006: 6300+ stations, 49 pest models), NPDN funding 2006-2009 Focus on forecasting for disease models, NRI Plant Biosecuity funding

14. Len Coop - IPPC, Oregon State University Christopher Daly, Director, Spatial Climate Analysis Service, Oregon State University Alan Fox – Foxweather, LCC Gary Grove - Washington State University Doug Gubler – University California Paul Jepson – Director, IPPC, Oregon State University Ken Johnson – Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University Walter Mahaffee – USDA-ARS William Pfender – USDA-ARS Fran Pierce - Director, Center for Precision Agricultural Systems, Washington State University Joyce Strand - University of California - Information Systems Manager and Meteorologist Carla S. Thomas -National Plant Diagnostic Network, University California W IPMC Weather Workgroup

15. PRISM International Climate Mapping Western Canada Pacific Basin China Taiwan Mongolia European Alps Temperature, Rainfall, Humidity Maps: all maps are state-of- the-art, and are used as the standard for evaluation of other methods

16. PRISM Knowledge Base Elevation influence on climate Terrain-induced climate transitions (topographic facets, moisture index) Coastal effects Two-layer atmosphere and topographic index Orographic effectiveness of terrain Persistence of climatic patterns (climatically-aided interpolation)

17. Oregon Annual Precipitation Mean Annual Precipitation, 1961-90 Full PRISM Model Max ~ 3300 mm Simple distance interpolation Max ~ 7900 mm

18. Daily Online Degree-Day Maps: 48 contiguous states

19. At a glance: current, normal, deviations Jan 1 to date

20. Now available nation-wide e.g. 50 Degree threshold – Pennsylvania Jan. 1 – June 13, 2005

21. Degree-day/Phenology Calc./Model Usage – PNWPEST.ORG Example 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005-Oct24 ================================================================================ Degree-Day Calculator generic 454 3219 6048 5162 7761 7599 codling moth [apple & pear] 83 1123 2019 2053 2428 1827 fire blight [apple & pear] 17 300 699 1115 778 560

22. Hood River, OR – tree fruit 1. 2 km resolution 2. 100 m resolution 3. 30 m res. - online DD mapping tool

25. Prototype Products in Development 1. DPEP (Date of Phenological Event Prediction) maps

26. Prototype Products in Development 2. Generic disease risk models – initially for NPDN epidemiologists

28. Products in Development 3. Site specific forecast models GFS forecast model (up to 10 days) -> CALMET + MtnRTemps -> FL Leaf Wetness (orig. Kim et al. - Iowa State) -> numerous plant disease risk models at ca 2 KM resolution

29. Conclusions IPM decision making resides with the grower: decision aids need to be resolved to the field/farm scale Advanced climate analysis is an effective starting point for development of tools and services Development model in OR, PNW, West, has recruited large numbers of growers, and is evolving Plant disease models, supported by improved forecasting, are in development; some released W IPM C Weather Workgroup is focusing on standards, quality control, and delivery of comprehensive regional and national services GIS-based tools offer scope for integration of other IPM decision tools relating to diagnostics, IPM options, and spatially resolved risk and risk mitigation factors