1. Introduction to Mapping How could you describe the exact location of a dot on a basketball? It would be just as hard to describe a position on earth without some sort of grid system to give you an exact location. This grid system is called latitude and longitude.

2. Latitude Lines Labeled using N or S (N) if located in the northern hemisphere. (S) if located in the southern hemisphere. RANGE: 0-90 degrees Latitude Lines Drawn east to west Called Parallels Separate Earth into northern and southern hemispheres Measure north to south

3. Latitude Lines 0° Equator 90°N North Pole 90°S South Pole 23.5° S Tropic of Capricorn 23.5°N Tropic of Cancer

4. Latitude Lines For example: The tropic of cancer is 23.5°N. What is the range of possible latitude? 0° - 90° N and 0° - 90° S Label north if in northern hemisphere and south if in southern hemisphere.

5. Longitude Lines Drawn north to south Called Meridians Separate Earth into eastern and western hemispheres Measure east to west Labeled using E or W (E) if located in the eastern hemisphere. (W) if located in the western hemisphere. RANGE: 0-180 degrees

6. Longitude Lines 0° Prime Meridian Longitude lines are curved and meet at the poles.

7. Latitude and Longitude Lines We can put latitude and longitude together to find exact locations on earth’s surface. Example: Milwaukee, Wisconsin  Use latitude to find how far north or south.  Use longitude to find how far west or east. Latitude is always first. 44°N, 90°W

8. GPS: Global Positioning System A GPS is a Global Positioning System that uses satellites to find exact locations on Earth’s Surface. GPS was put into effect by the department of defense for military use, but has now become used by the public.

12.  A. Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, and Tropical Depressions, form over water.  B. A tropical system is also known as a Cyclone, and a Typhoon.  C. All Cyclones start as tropical depressions then strengthen to tropical storms, then move on to Hurricane status.

13.  D. Hurricane strength is measured using the Saffir-Simpson Scale.

14. Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale CategoryWind speed mph 5≥156 4131–155 3111–130 296–110 174–95 Additional classifications Tropical storm 39–73 Tropical depression 0–38 L