1. Presented By: Dixit Wadhwani B.TECH 3 rd YEAR, CSE 07CS000031 Sir Padampat Singnania University Technical Seminar on Wireless Markup Language Guided By: Mr. Ajay Prasad Assistant Professor, CSE Dept.

2. Agenda: WML. Why use WML ? WAP. WML basics Conclusion Q & A

3. What is WML? WML stands for Wireless Mark-up Language and was created in 1998. Before that, there was no standard used specifically for mobile devices. The language used for WAP Similar to HTML Subset of a XML describes only intent of interaction in an abstract manner presentation depends upon device capabilities Current version is WML 2.0

4. Why use WML when you can use HTML? When we have one that works for the Web already (HTML) Why we need WML ? Internet as it is now, is not well suited to mobile phone. 1)Is complex. 2)Takes up too much bandwidth. mobile telephones has a very limited bandwidth WML has many optimizations for mobile browsers aimed at better usability, low memory consumption, little CPU requirements for the rendering engine. All these elements make it the optimal solution for a mobile device, from a very technical point of view.

5. What is W@P? Wireless Application Protocol WAP Micro Browsers Requires minimal RAM, ROM, Display Equivalent to Existing Web Browsers Allows Text Images Hyperlinks Text Entry

6. W@P Services & Features Features Banking Finance Shopping Ticketing Entertainment Weather Browsers Markup language Script language Gateway Server Protocol Layers Services

7. How Does W@P work? Mobile phone Communication Tower WAP Gateway Web Server Internet request WAP response URL request HTTP request HTTP response(WML)

8. WAP Architecture Client (WAP device) WAP GatewayWeb Server WAP user agent Encoder And Decoder Protocol Adapter CGI Scripts Etc. Content HTTP ISP

9. W@P GATEWAY The WAP Gateway acts as the bridge between the mobile network, containing mobile clients, and the computer network containing application servers. Decoder: It translates requests from the WAP request to the HTTP request. Encoder: converts WML to binarized WML Adaptor: provides additional information through HTTP header Translate requests HTTP and WSP. Convert between SSL and WTLS Convert transport protocols (TCP and WDP)

10. Why is HTML not enough? Big pipe - small pipe syndrome NNN Interactive NNN Intera ctive Internet Enter name: 010011 010011 110110 010011 011011 011101 010010 011010 Content encoding HTTP/HTML WML

11. WML as compared with HTML WMLHTML Markup language for wireless communication Markup language for wired communication Makes use of variablesDoes not use variables WML Script stored in a separate file JavaScript is embedded in the same HTML file Image stored as WBMPImages are stored as GIF, JPEG or PNG WBMP is a 2 bit imageSize of the images are much larger in HTML Case sensitiveNot case sensitive WML has fewer tags than HTML HTML has more tags than WML A set of ‘WML Cards’ make a ‘DECK’ A set of ‘HTML pages’ make a ‘SITE’

12. WML and HTML HTML Code About us Hello world WML Code Hello world

13. Decks and Cards The basic unit is a card. Cards are grouped together into Decks Document All decks must contain Document prologue XML & document type declaration element Must contain one or more cards ……………… …………….. hello world …………….. ……………… …………….. hello world …………….. ……………… …………….. hello world ……………..

14. Basic WML deck structure …. …. <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC “- //WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN” “http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1. xml”> Document Prolog Start tag card Another card End tag

15. Introduction to Tags Each element or tag has start tag and end tag content Some tags do not have start and end tag Some tags have attributes Spaces, tabs, line breaks between tags are ignored

16. tag is required for all files. All cards are located between the tags. deck has at least one card Content is placed ….. tag. Syntax: content Id: id is used when you link this card to another card Content will contains the text, markups, etc.

17. Basic features of WML Text and images User interaction Navigation Context management

18. Text Formatting Content of cards Render with emphasis. Render with strong emphasis. Render with an italic font. Render with a bold font. Render with underline. Render with a large font. Render with a small font.

19. Graphics and WML Most micro browsers support only.wbmp graphic files..wbmp Wireless bitmaps Black & white There are tools to convert various graphic format to.wbmp beforeafter

20. User interaction WML supports different elements for user input. Examples are: Text entry control Input tag syntax: Option selection

21. Navigation Links a text or image to another card or another deck. link Syntax: task text...any valid combination of, and elements

22. Events Something that happens at a given place and time. WML supports events and it provides a tag pair,, for handling events. You can specify an action to be taken whenever an event occurs. Two events are supported in WML. ontimer -- This event occurs when a timer expires. onpick -- This event occurs when an item of a selection list is selected or deselected. A single task to be done whenever the event occurs

23. Tasks A task specifies what action to perform when an event occurs. There are 4 types of tasks in WML. Go task Prev task Noop task Refresh task Syntax: A single task to be done whenever the event occurs

24. Context management WML allows for saving the state between different decks without server interaction. Switch from one card to another card. Set a variable value using setvar command. Variable through an input element. ExampleExample of WML

25. Conclusion & Future Of WML The primary focus of WAP technology is to create a global wireless Internet by bringing services offered by Internet to mobile phone users. It is certain that one of the most common application of the WML will be m-commerce. As mobile devices become more powerful, and can process more data. Much greater support for XHTML on mobile devices. There are security protocols, such as WTLS, that can facilitate secure transactions.

26. References and Resources Books Learning wml, wmlscript- O-reilly Publisher WML References – Openwave System Inco. Official Website (specifications) http://www.wapforum.org http://www.w3schools.com/wap/default.asp http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/ http://www.developershome.com/wap/wml/w ml_tutorial.asp? http://devguru.com

28. Questions ?