1. Ecological Interactions
Symbiosis is a close ecological relationship between the individuals of two (or more) different species that dwell together.

2. One benefits the other is unaffected One benefits the other is harmed
Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualism
Both
benefit
Commensalism
One benefits the other is unaffected
Parasitism
One benefits the other is harmed

3. One benefits and the other dies
Symbiotic Relationships
Neutralism
Both are unaffected
Competition
Neither benefits
Predation
One benefits and the other dies

4. Mutualism
The clownfish is covered in a slimy substance that protects it from the sea anemone’s sting.
The fish receives protection from predators.
The sea anemone receives improved water circulation.
Cowbirds eat flies off and around cows.
The birds get food, and the cows receive fewer bug bites.

5. Barnacles are filter feeders that receive water circulation while attached to the whale. The whale is neither helped nor harmed.
The remora is able to eat the scraps of food left by the shark. The shark is neither helped nor harmed.
Commensalism

6. A parasitic wasp lays its eggs on a caterpillar
A parasitic wasp lays its eggs on a caterpillar. The larvae hatch and gain nutrition from the living body of the caterpillar.
Guinea worm is a parasite that is contracted by drinking contaminated water. The parasite lays its eggs inside the human. They require a year to mature, when the worm burrows its way out of the body, usually in the lower extremities.
Parasitism

7. Neither population in an ecosystem affects the other.
Neutralism

8. Competition
Members of the same species, or species with overlapping niches compete for resources such as food, water, and nesting sites

9. Predation