1. Immigration and Captains of Industry

2. Why Did People Come to The United States After the Civil War?

3. STANDARD USII.4b:
The student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the Civil War by
b) explaining the reasons for the increase in immigration, growth of cities, and challenges arising from this expansion.

4. Essential Questions for Standard
Why did immigration increase?
Why did cities grow and develop?
What challenges faced Americans as a result of these social and technological changes?

5. What You Must Be Able To Explain (Essential Understandings)
Population changes, growth of cities, and new inventions produced interaction and often conflict between different cultural groups.
Population changes, growth of cities, and new inventions produced problems in urban areas.

6. Increased Immigration Post Civil War
Hope for better opportunities
Free land out west
Desire for religious freedom
Escape from oppressive governments in Europe
Desire for adventure
Go to the American “wild” west.

7. Where They Came From

8. Reasons why cities grew and developed
Specialized Industries in certain Cities
Pittsburgh: Steel
Chicago: Meat Processing
Immigration from other nations
People came to the cities first, moved out when they earned the money to move.
Americans moved from rural areas to urban areas for job opportunities.

9. Reasons why cities grew and developed
Rapid industrialization and urbanization led to overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods and tenements.
All the new immigrants had to have somewhere to live.
The political bosses selected where they lived, it was easier to place cultural groups together to keep the workers under control.

10. Immigrant Ghettos

11. Living conditions - Apartments

12. Living conditions - Apartments

13. Living conditions - Apartments

14. Rapid Industrialization & Urbanization led to Problems, Too
Immigrants were forced to live in slums, killing many due to poor living conditions.
Immigrants were forced into neighborhoods based upon where they came from.
Given “tenement housing”
Small rooms for many people, no bathrooms, building was dirty & unhealthy to live in.

15. How to Solve the Problems
Settlement Houses for Immigrants
Hull House: founded by Jane Addams
Political machines that gained power by taking care of the needs of new immigrants. Political Bosses provided:
Housing
Jobs
Food
In return, immigrants voted how they were told.

16. New Groups Were Discriminated Against
New Immigrants were forced into Ghettos and Tenements
Irish
Chinese
Japanese
Jews
Political Corruption by the political machines
Immigrants began to realize they were being used for the glory of a few men.

17. Challenges faced by cities
Tenements and ghettos
The cities had to recruit officers from each culture to enforce the laws.
Many corrupt police-controlled by political bosses.
Political corruption
Political machines

18. How the U.S. was Transformed from Agricultural Nation to an Industrial Nation

19. STANDARD USII.4d
The student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the Civil War by:
d) explaining the impact of new inventions, the rise of big business, the growth of industry, and life on American farms.

20. Essential Questions for Standard
What inventions created great change and industrial growth in the United States?
What created the rise in big business?
What factors caused the growth of industry?
How did industrialization and the rise in big business influence life on American farms?

21. What You Must Be Able To Explain (Essential Understandings)
Between the Civil War and World
War I, the United States was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation.
Inventions had both positive and negative effects on society.

22. Inventions that contributed to great change and industrial growth
Electricity:
Thomas Edison
Lighting (light bulb)
Mechanical uses of electricity
Telephone service:
Alexander Graham Bell

23. Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of Big Business
National markets for products are created due to advances in transportation.
Rail cars could now hold cold items for days

24. Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of Big Business
Captains of industry
J.P. Morgan Banking
At the height of Morgan's career, he controlled influence over the nation's high finance and United States Congress members.

25. Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of Big Business
Captains of industry
John D. Rockefeller-oil
Started as a store clerk
Turned his skills into an
oil Empire

26. Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of Big Business
Captains of industry
Andrew Carnegie-steel
Immigrant who invested his wages into companies wisely.
Took his earnings and bought a steel mill. Turned his profits into more and more mills.
As he got older, he gave away over 2 Billion dollars.

27. Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of Big Business
Captains of industry
Cornelius Vanderbilt-shipping & railroads
Like Rockefeller, Vanderbilt built his empire slowly using his profits wisely.
After shipping, he bought railroads.
Brutally controlled competition.

28. Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of Big Business
Advertising
Newspapers and Magazines sold ads to get people to buy their product
Time saving washing machine
Low-cost production
Henry Ford developed the assembly line.
Can built products faster and cheaper.

29. Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of Big Business

30. Factors that Resulted in growth of Industry
New access to raw materials & energy.
Availability of work force due to increased immigration.
New inventions
Financial resources

31. Examples of Big Businesses
Banking
Railroads
Oil
Steel

32. Postwar changes in Daily Life
Mechanization (ex-reaper) reduced farm labor needs & increased production.
Industrial development in cities created increased labor needs.
Industrialization provided new access to consumer goods (e.g. mail order)

34. NEGATIVE effects of Industrialization
Child labor
Low wages for long hours
Unsafe working conditions

35. Rise of Labor - Outcomes
Formation of Unions
Growth of American Federation of Labor
STRIKES
Aftermath of Homestead Strike

36. Effects of Progressive Movement Workplace Reforms
Improved safety conditions
Reduced work hours
Placed restrictions on child labor

37. Effects of Women’s Suffrage
Increased educational opportunities
Women get right to vote
Women obtain right to vote when 19th amendment to U. S. Constitution is passed
Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton worked for women’s suffrage.

38. Temperance Movement
Made up of groups who wanted to end the making and consuming of alcohol.
Supported the 18th Amendment to Constitution which prohibits the manufacture, sale, and transporting of alcoholic beverages.