1. North Carolina’s Shale Play: Not Yet By Ben Winikoff

2. Brief History Unlike conventional natural gas and oil which has pooled and collected under a layer of impermeable rock, shale oil and gas is trapped within an impermeable source rock and cannot escape on its own.

3. USGS Assessments These reserves are from ancient freshwater sources that formed during the Mesozoic period. Much smaller than the Backken, Marcellus, and Barnett Shale

4. Source: USGS 1, 709 Billion cubic feet of Gas. In Surveyed NC Basins Compare to: Marcellus Shale, 141 trillion cubic feet (TCF) Roughly 10 billion dollars in Natural Gas Reserves in the state

5. Why a State Problem? Lobbying groups have successfully carved out exemptions for natural gas Source: http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2011/06/03/9886/bringing-fracking-to-the-surface/

6. Pre-Drilling Standards Baseline Water Data on Water Quality Biggest problem states face is lack of information about the water quality before drilling begins

7. Drilling Regulation Dispute: How to Deal with Wastewater

8. Environmental Recovery Preventing Cleanup Costs From Shifting to Taxpayers -Bonding Requirements -Spill Response or Contingency Plans -Strict Liability

9. Side-By Side Comparison RegulationPennsylvaniaOhioBLMWinikoff Pre-Drilling Water Analysis Waste Water Disposal ? Underground Treatment Facilities Protections Bonds Protection Plans Strict Liability Pennsylvania ✗ Presumptive Liability ✓✗✓✓✗✓ ✓✓✗✓✓✗ Ohio ✓ Mandatory Testing ✓✓?✓✓? ✓✓✗✓✓✗ BLM ✗ ✗ ✗✗✗✗✗✗ Winikoff ✓ Mandatory Testing ✓✗✗✓✗✗ ✓✓✓✓✓✓

10. The Debate Goes On