2. Program Objectives n Define “Decontamination”. n Identify the steps in the decon process. n Demonstrate, by building, a decontamination reduction zone.

3. Decontamination The process of removing or neutralizing contaminants that have accumulated on personnel or equipment.

4. Exposure versus Contamination Exposure: The subjection of a person to a toxic substance or harmful physical agent through any route of entry. Common cold, TB Contamination: The transfer of a hazardous material to persons, equipment, and the environment in greater than acceptable quantities. Alpha particle, splash

5. Types of Contamination 2. Permeation 1. Surface contaminates

6. Five Factors which affect the extent of permeation Contact Time Concentration Temperature Size of contaminant vs. pore space Physical State of Waste or Haz-Mat

7. Prevention of Contamination Establish Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs) to minimize contact with hazardous materials. Stress “Clean” work practices. Use disposable outer garments when appropriate. Use remote sampling, handling, and container opening techniques. Protect monitoring instruments with bags

8. Emergency Decontamination n The physical process of immediately removing dangerous contaminates from individuals. n Very rapid, gross decon. Remove clothes, wash with available water, cover, treatment/transport.

9. Decontamination Plan Determine the number and layout of the Decon stations. Determine equipment and materials needed to effectively remove contaminants Determine the appropriate Decon solution(s). Establish procedures to prevent contamination of clean areas.

10. Decontamination Plan (cont’d.) Minimize worker contact with contaminants during removal of PPE. Establish proper disposal of contaminated materials.

11. DECONTAMINATION METHODS n ABSORPTION n ADSORPTION n CHEMICAL DEGRADATION n DILUTION n DISPOSAL n ISOLATION n NEUTRALIZATION n SOLIDIFICATION

12. Testing the Effectiveness of the Decontamination Process Visual Observation Wipe Sampling Cleaning Solution Analysis Testing for Permeation

13. Decontamination Facility Design The level and type of Decon depends on several site-specific factors: The physical, chemical, and toxicological properties of the contaminant The amount, location, and containment of the released contaminant The movement of personnel and equipment among different zones

14. Exclusion Decontamination Zones CRZ Support Exclusion There should be three zones when responding to chemical emergencies. Exclusion, Contamination Reduction, and Support

15. HazMat Zones Hot Wind/Grade Warm Cold

16. Contamination Reduction Zone Wind/Grade Entry Pool Tool Drop Drum Exit Suit Removal Med check