1. Chemical Bonding Objectives:  Understand why compounds exist in nature.  Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using Lewis Dot structures.  Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds by their chemical and physical properties.  Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.

2. Lewis Dot Structures Lewis Dot Structures Lewis Dot Structures: Illustrates valence electronsIllustrates valence electrons for an atom. for an atom. Place electrons (dots) around the elements symbol using cardinal direction. cardinal direction. Do NOT pair electrons Do NOT pair electrons up until you have to. Element# of valence electrons Lewis Dot Structure Na Mg Si S He

3. Lewis Dot Structures Lewis Dot Structures http://www.roymech.co.uk/Related/Chemistry/Lewis_dot_structure.html

4. Explain how this picture illustrates ionic bonding?

5. Ionic Bonding: 5.1 Ionic Bonding: 5.1 Objectives:  Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using Lewis Dot structures.  Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table. Homework: Ionic Bonding Lab

6. Ionic Bonding (Lewis Dot Transfer) Ionic Bonding (Lewis Dot Transfer) Metal (Lewis Dot) Non-metal (Lewis Dot) Ionic Bonding (Lewis Dot Transfer) Chemical Formula

7. Ionic Bonding Lab Ionic Bonding Lab

8. Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonding  Transfer of valence electrons from a metal atom to a non-metal atom.  Creates a metal ion (cation) and non-metal ion (anion) that are held together by attractive forces (chemical bond)  Chemical bonds are intramolecular forces.  Formation of Ionic Compounds

9. Intramolecular Forces  The ionic bond  The attractive force between the metal and non-metal ions in the compound. Na + ---------Cl - Na + ---------Cl -

10. Ionic Compounds   The overall charge on any ionic compound is always zero.   The ratio of metal to non-metal ions has to equal zero

11. Naming Ionic Compounds

12. Ionic Compound Nomenclature Ionic Compound Nomenclature How do scientists name ionic compounds?  Binary Ionic Compounds: Simplest compounds, composed of two ions.  Name the cation and the anion. *Use flow-chart to help you name each ion in the compound.

13. Intramolecular Forces  The ionic bond  The attractive force between the metal and non-metal ions in the compound. Na + -------Cl - Na + -------Cl -

14. Ionic Bonding: 5.2 Ionic Bonding: 5.2 Due: Ionic Bonding LabIonic Bonding Lab Ionic Compound WorksheetIonic Compound WorksheetObjectives:  Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using Lewis Dot structures.  Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.

15. Ionic Compounds

16. Ions Ions Oxidation number: The charge on an atom.  Some elements have a fixed oxidation number.  Some elements have multiple oxidation numbers.

17. Ions Ions Oxidation number: The charge on an atom.  Some elements have a fixed oxidation number. Primarily representative elements (tall groups on periodic table)  Some elements have multiple oxidation numbers. Primarily transitional elements (short, middle groups on the periodic table).

18. Oxidation Numbers and Periodic Table

19. Naming Ionic Compounds * Use flow chart to name ionic compounds* Naming Ionic Compounds * Use flow chart to name ionic compounds* 1.KF : 2.Ba 3 N 2 : 3.CuBr 2 : 4. FeN :

20. Naming Ionic Compounds * Use flow chart to name ionic compounds* Naming Ionic Compounds * Use flow chart to name ionic compounds* 1.KF : potassium fluoride 2.Ba 3 P 2 : barium phosphide 3.CuBr 2 : copper (II) bromide 4. FeN : iron (III) nitride

21. Naming Cations: Metals Naming Cations: Metals  Fixed Oxidation Number ( fixed charge) - Simply the name of the metal -Ex. Al 3+ : aluminum ion  Multiple Oxidation Numbers (multiple charges) -Name of metal and roman numeral to identify what charge is being used. -Fe 2+: iron (II) ion Fe 3+: iron (III) ion

22. Naming Anions: Non-metals  Non-metals only have a single oxidation # (charge) when becoming an anion.  It is the root word of the non-metal with an –ide ending. Ex. Br 1- = Bromide Ex. P 3- = phosphide

23. Naming Ionic Compounds

24. Chemical Formula

25. Chemical Formula of Ionic Compounds 1. 1.Write the symbol and charge for the cation and the anion. 2. 2.If charges balance, then the ions are one to one in the formula. 3. 3.If charges do not balance, then use the criss-cross method to establish the correct ratio of ions (subscripts) so they do balance out in the formula.

26. Ionic Bonding: 5.5 Ionic Bonding: 5.5 Infinite Campus Update:  Lewis Dot Struture and Transfer Worksheet Due: Ionic Bonding Lab Objectives:  Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using Lewis Dot structures.  Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.  Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds by their chemical and physical properties.

27. Ionic Compound Worksheet

28. Ionic Bonding Lab Name the ionic compounds from your lab and place in tray when completed.

29. Types of Ions Types of Ions  Monatomic Ions : 1 element makes-up 1 element makes-up the ion.  Polyatomic Ions: 2 or more elements make-up an ion.

30. Mono or Poly Ions? Mono or Poly Ions? a.Na 1+ : b. (S0 4 ) 2- : c.Cl 1- : d.(PO 3 ) 3- :

31. Ionic Compounds a. Li (OH): b. Fe 2 (CO 3 ) 3 :  Sodium Sulfate: d. Chromium (II) Phosphate :

32. Determine the Chemical Formula Determine the Chemical Formula 1. Aluminum Phosphide: 2. Magnesium Chloride: 3. Iron (III) Sulfide: 4. Chromium (II) Oxide: 5. Nickel (II) Bromide:

33. Ionic Bonding: 5.6 Ionic Bonding: 5.6 Infinite Campus Update:  Ionic Bonding Lab Objectives:  Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using Lewis Dot structures.  Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.  Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds by their chemical and physical properties.

34. Ionic Compounds

35. Ionic Bonding: 5.7 Ionic Bonding: 5.7 Infinite Campus Update:  Ionic Bonding Lab Objectives:  Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using Lewis Dot structures.   Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.  Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds by their chemical and physical properties.  Quiz over ionic compound nomenclature Thurs.

36. Ionic Compounds Nomenclature Ionic Compounds Nomenclature A.Explain to a friend how you would name an ionic compound. Provide at least two examples that emphasize the type of ions you might have to name in an ionic compound. B.Explain to a friend how you would derive the formula of an ionic compound if you were given its chemical name. Provide two examples that illustrate the type of ions you might encounter.

37. Ionic Compounds Nomenclature Ionic Compounds Nomenclature A.Explain to a friend how you would name an ionic compound. Provide at least two examples that emphasize the type of ions you might have to name in an ionic compound. B.Explain to a friend how you would derive the formula of an ionic compound if you were given its chemical name. Provide two examples that illustrate the type of ions you might encounter.

38. Ionic Bonding: 5.8 Ionic Bonding: 5.8 Due:  Pre-Lab qts. from lab  Explanation to friend about ionic compounds Objectives:   Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using Lewis Dot structures. (Quiz )   Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table. (Quiz)  Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds by their chemical and physical properties. (Lab)

39. Ionic Compounds Ionic Compounds

40. Ionic vs. Covalent Properties Lab

41. Chemical Compounds Venn Diagram Ionic Compounds Covalent Compounds Similarities

42. Ionic Bonding: 5.9 Ionic Bonding: 5.9 Objectives:   Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using Lewis Dot structures. (Quiz )   Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table. (Quiz)  Identify and compare the two classes of compounds by their chemical and physical properties. (Lab)

43. Ionic Compounds Ionic Compounds

44. Ionic Bonding: 5.12 Ionic Bonding: 5.12 Due: Ionic and Covalent Properties LabObjectives:   Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using Lewis Dot structures.   Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table. (Ionic and Covalent)  Identify and compare the two classes of compounds by their chemical and physical properties. (Lab)

45. Ionic Bonding

46. Ionic vs. Covalent Cmpds. Properties Properties Grp 1Grp 2 Grp 3Grp 4 Grp 5Grp 6Grp 7 Solubility Which are Soluble? Crystal Growth Slowest: Fastest: Electrical Conduction Which conducted electricity? Melting point time Slowest? Longest? 2nd

48. Chemical Bonding: Exit Slip Chemical Bonding: Exit Slip 1.Classify each compound below as ionic or covalent. a.KCl b.CO c. H 2 O d. MgCl 2

49. Ionic Bonding Nomenclature 1.Derive the formula of these ionic compounds. a. copper(I) sulfite a. copper(I) sulfite 2.Derive the chemical name of the following ionic compounds. a. Cr(NO 3 ) 3 a. Cr(NO 3 ) 3

50. Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonding Ionic Bonding:  Many times between a metal and a non-metal ion.  Transfer of valence electrons.  Electronegativity difference between bonded ions is large.  Ionic Bond = Intramolecular Forces Covalent Bonding:  Between two non-metals atoms.  Share valence electron(s)  Electronegativity difference between bonded atoms is small.  Covalent Bond = Intramolecular Forces  Covalent compounds are also called molecules.

51. Electronegativity Values Electronegativity Values

52. Covalent Compounds Covalent Compounds  Covalent compounds = molecules  When naming covalent compounds prefixes are primarily used. *Use flow chart* Prefixes:  Mon(o)=1 atom Hexa = 6 atoms  Di= 2 atoms Hepta= 7 atoms  Tri= 3 atoms Octa= 8 atoms  Tetra= 4 atoms Nona= 9 atoms  Penta= 5 atoms Deca= 10 atoms

53. Chemical Bonding: 2.17.14 Infinite Campus Update  Ionic Compound Nomenclature Quiz (9pts.)  Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds Lab (20pts.) Objectives:  I can distinguish between the properties of ionic and covalent compounds.  I can identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.

54. Chemical Bonding: 5.14 Infinite Campus Update:  Ionic vs. Covalent Compound Properties Lab (20pts.) Due:  Chemical Compounds Wksht  Polar Bear/Penguin Comic Strip Qts. Objectives:  Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.  Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using Lewis Dot structures.  Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds by their chemical and physical properties.

55. Chemical Bonding: Bell Ringer Chemical Bonding: Bell Ringer 1.Classify as ionic or covalent. a.CH 4 b. CuO c. PBr 3 d. K 3 N 2.Which of the above compounds would… a.conduct electricity? b.have a lower melting point? c.crystallize faster out of solution? d. Considered brittle

56. Chemical Bonding: Bell Ringer Chemical Bonding: Bell Ringer 1.Classify as ionic or covalent. a.CH 4 b. CuO c. PBr 3 d. K 3 N (C ) (I ) (C ) ( I ) (C ) (I ) (C ) ( I ) 2.Which of the above compounds would… a.conduct electricity? ionic b.have a lower melting point? covalent c.crystallize faster out of solution? ionic d. Considered brittle ionic

57. Properties of Chemical Compounds Properties of Chemical Compounds  Which kind of compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

58. Properties of Ionic Compounds Properties of Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds can conduct an electric current when melted or dissolved in water. 7.2

59. Tap Water Tap Water Ground water produced the passageways at Mammoth Cave. In so doing, it picks up many regional minerals.

60. Properties of Chemical Compounds Properties of Chemical Compounds  The orderly arrangement of atoms/ions produces beautiful crystalline structure.  Which compound from the lab produced crystals faster/slower?  7.2

61. Ionic Compounds: Crystal Lattice Ionic Compounds: Crystal Lattice  Stronger attractive force between ions  Faster crystal growth.

62. Covalent Compounds: Crystal Lattice   Weaker attractive forces between covalent compounds (molecules).   Slower crystal growth. http://www.michigansugar.com/images/ag/ production/th_med_crystals.jpg http://iscience.ru/wp- content/uploads/2008/12/sugar-molecule- 02.jpg o o o o CC C C

63. Melting Points of Compounds Melting Points of Compounds  Which has a higher melting point?  Does the table below prove or disprove your conclusion from the lab? Explain your answer. Chemical CompoundsMelting Point ( o C)Boiling Point ( o C) Cr 2 O 3 2,2664,000 SrF 2 1,4702,489 CCl 4 -22.976.6 CH 4 O-97.864.7 Chemical Compounds Article

64. Properties of Chemical Compounds Collection of Ionic Compounds Collection of Covalent Compounds Why do ionic compounds in general have higher melting and boiling points? stronger attractive forces between ions

65. Properties of Chemical Compounds Properties of Chemical Compounds  Ionic Compounds are primarily solids at room temperature.  Molecules can be a solid, liquid, or gas at room temp. Examples:. O 2 and CH 4 (C 8 H 18 ) (C 8 H 8 )

66. Properties of Chemical Compounds Collection of Ionic Compounds Collection of Covalent Compounds Which type of compound do you think is more brittle when stress is applied to it?

67. Properties of Ionic Compounds Properties of Ionic Compounds  Ionic crystals are brittle when stress is applied.  Repulsion increases when similar ions are force together. + + + ++ + + + + + - - - -- - - - http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/structures/ionicstruct.html

68. Properties of Molecules  Molecules are more resilient (durable) than ionic compounds.  Why? http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/structures/ionicstruct.html

69. Chemical Bonding: 5.15 Due:  Molecules Table Worksheet (molecular name). Objectives:  Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.  Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using Lewis Dot structures.  Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds by their chemical and physical properties.

70. Chemical Bonding: Polarity Bell Ringer Chemical Bonding: Polarity Bell Ringer 1.What does the penguin and the polar bear represent in the comic strip? 2.What does the ice cream scoops represent in the comic strip? 3. a. What did the iceberg represent? b. What is the trend in electronegativity according to the iceberg illustration? b. What is the trend in electronegativity according to the iceberg illustration? 4.Explain using the illustrations the difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds?

71. Electronegativity

72. Electronegativity Values Electronegativity Values webassign.net

73. Electronegativity Values Electronegativity Values webassign.net

74. Molecules: Lewis Dot Sharing Molecules: Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Formula Molecular NameElectronegativity Difference Polar or Non- polar Bonds?

75. Electronegativity Values Electronegativity Values webassign.net

76. Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds Prentice Hall KY Teacher Express, 2008 Polar Bonds: Non-Polar Bonds:

77. Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds Prentice Hall KY Teacher Express, 2008 Polar Bonds: Where atoms do NOT share bonded electrons equally. Usually 2 different elements making up the bond. Ex. N----F bond Non-Polar Bonds: Where atoms share bonded electrons equally or very close to it. Usually same elements. Ex. O-----O

78. Molecules: Lewis Dot Sharing Molecules: Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Formula Lewis Dot SharingMolecular Structure Polar or Non-polar Bonds?

79. Electronegativity Values Electronegativity Values webassign.net

80. Chemical Bonding : Electronegativity Difference Chemical Bonding : Electronegativity Difference