1. The Duel for North America Ch. 6

2. France in Canada  The Edict of Nantes  1598  Issued by the crown of France. It granted limited religious freedom to French Protestants, and stopped religious wars between the Protestants and Catholics. King Henry IV

3. Champlain & Quebec  1608 – France establishes Quebec  The leading figure was Samuel de Champlain, an intrepid soldier and explorer whose energy and leadership earned him the title “Father of New France”.

4. New France  The government of New France (Canada) was under direct control of the king.  The people did not elect any representative assemblies  New France contained one valuable resource - beaver.  French Catholic missionaries, notably the Jesuits, labored with much enthusiasm to convert the Indians to Christianity and to save them from the fur trappers

5. Detroit  Antoine Cadillac- founded Detroit in 1701 to thwart English settlers pushing into the Ohio Valley.

6. La Salle  Robert de La Salle- explored the Mississippi and Gulf basin, naming it Louisiana  the French planted several fortified posts in Mississippi and Louisiana. The French founded New Orleans in 1718.

7. The Clash of Empires  King William’s War (1689-1697) and Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713)  Earliest battles for control of North America  The wars ended in 1713 with peace terms signed at Utrecht.  France and Spain were terribly beaten and Britain received French-populated Acadia and Newfoundland and the Hudson Bay. The British also won limited trading rights in Spanish America.

8. The War of Jenkins’s Ear  The War of Jenkins’s Ear started in 1739 between the British and Spaniards.  This small battle became a war and became known as King Georges’s War in America.  It ended in 1748 with a treaty that handed Louisburg back to France, enraging the victorious New Englanders.

9. George Washington and War with France  1749 wealthy Virginians secured “shaky” legal rights to 500,000 acres in the disputed Ohio Valley  French were in the process of erecting a fort on the Ohio River – Fort Duquesne  1754 Virginia’s governor sent George Washington in command of 150 militia

10. Washington and the Virginians  Fort Duquesne falls; Washington builds Fort Necessity  The Virginians were forced to surrender on July 4, 1754.  As the war started the British deport French Acadians out of Nova Scotia

11. Seven Years War (aka French and Indian War)  Fought in North America for 2 years before spreading to Europe  Seven Years War fought in America, Europe, Philippines, Africa, West Indies and on the high seas  Britain and Prussia vs. France, Spain, Austria, and Russia

12. Albany Plan of Union Cartoon by Benjamin Franklin

13. War in the Colonies  Previous wars no colonial unity  1754 Albany, New York – 7 of the 13 attend meeting  Two objectives – one keep the Iroquois loyal to Britain and two to promote colonial unity

14. British Win!  1763 Treaty of Paris  France is out of North America  Trans-Mississippi goes to France’s ally Spain (including New Orleans)  Spain gave Florida to Great Britain in exchange for Cuba  Great Britain becomes dominate naval power in the world

15. Effects of the War on America  American’s gained military experience; American militia saw the British regulars invincibility shattered  Colonies become more unified

16. Causes for Disunity  Geographical barriers  Boundary disputes  Conflicting religions  Varied nationalities  Different types of government  Resentment of crude backcountry settlers against aristocratic bigwigs

17. Effects of the War  Removal of France from North America which deprived the Natives of their most powerful weapon – the ability to play rival European powers against each other  1763 Ottawa chief Pontiac led several tribes against settlements in the Ohio Valley led to Proclamation of 1763  Proclamation prohibited settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.  Americans move west and defy the Proclamation