1. Space Study Guide Review

2. 1.What causes the Earth to orbit the Sun? A: The straight, forward motion of the Earth and the pull of gravity between the Sun and the Earth. 2. The picture below represents a planet circling the Sun. What would happen if the force of gravity between the Sun and the planet suddenly increased? A: The planet would be pulled closer to the Sun.

3. 3.The Earth spinning on its axis is an example of what type of movement? A: Rotation 4.Some locations on the Earth experience four distinct seasons: Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumn. What is the primary cause for this occurrence? A: The tilt of the Earth and its revolution around the sun.

4. 5. Below is a picture of the Sun, the Earth, and the four points in the moon’s orbit around the Earth. Which numbered position represents the new moon phase? A: Position 1 6.The scooter below was pushed forward on a gym floor. Use Newton’s First Law of Motion to describe what will happen. A: Newton’s First Law of Motion states that an object in a state of motion will stay in that state until a force acts upon it. As a result, the scooter will move forward in a straight path. The force of gravity will work against this forward motion. As a result, the scooter will eventually slow and halt its forward motion.

5. 7.True or False: On Earth, it is only possible to ever see one side of the moon. A: True 8.True or False: The elliptical orbit of a planet is actually a series of straight lines constantly changing direction. A: True. 9.What causes the change between day and night on Earth? A: The Earth’s rotation on its axis.

6. 10.Look at the picture below. It is winter at Point A, what season is it at Point B? A: Summer 11.What causes the different phases of the moon? A: The position of the Sun, Moon, and Earth in relation to each other. 12.Describe the movements of the Sun, Moon, and Earth in our solar system. A: The sun is the center of the solar system. The Earth revolves around the Sun while rotating on its axis. While the Earth rotates and revolves around the Sun, the Moon rotates and revolves around the Earth.

7. 13.Below is a picture of Earth and the Sun’s rays. Which point(s) receives the most heat and light from those rays? A: Point C 14.In our solar system, the Earth’s axis is tilted at a _________ angle. A: 23.5° 15.Forces and motion that exist in our solar system cause _________ and _______/ A: Seasonal changes and phases of the moon

8. 16.The Earth both ________ and _______. A: revolves and rotates 17.How does a solar eclipse occur? A: A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun, blocking the sunlight from reaching Earth. 18.There are two type of eclipses: _______ eclipses and _______ eclipses. A: solar and lunar

9. 19.Why are a “day” and a “year” on the moon the same length? A: A “day” and a “year” on the moon are the same length because the moon revolves around the Earth at the same rate that it rotates on its axis. 20.Why does the moon change its phases as the month progresses? A: As the moon revolves around the earth, phases are produced by changing position of the moon relative to Earth and the sun.

10. 21.The ____ side of the moon always faces Earth. A: Near 22.The imaginary line that passes through Earth’s center and the North and South poles is called Earth’s __________. A: Axis 23.The movement of one object around another object is called ________. A: Orbit

11. 24.When the north end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun, the Northern Hemisphere has _______________. A: summer 25.What two factors cause the cycle of the seasons? A: The cycle of the seasons is caused by Earth’s revolution around the sun and the tilt of Earth’s axis. 26.Compare rotation and revolution. A: Rotation is turning around a point or an axis; revolution is movement around another object.

12. 27.What do the words solstice and equinox mean? How are they related to the position of Earth’s axis? A: A solstice is a day when the noon sun is overhead at 23.5° south or 23.5° north. This occurs when one end of Earth’s axis is tilted most directly toward the sun. Equinox means “equal night”, and occurs when neither pole of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun. 28.State Newton’s First Law of Motion: A: An object in a state of uniform motion stays in that state unless acted upon by an outside force.

13. 29.Define gravitational force. A: The force that exists between all objects because of their mass. 30.Name the eight phases of the moon. New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Third Quarter, and Waning Crescent