1. Civil Rights Test Review Packet

2. Origins of the Civil rights movement
During the 1950’s and 1960s the Civil Rights movement got a boost in energy after the experience of African Americans during WWII and the legal action taken by the NAACP

3. Integration on US Federal government
President Truman issued an executive order which integrated the US Military and the federal government

4. Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson was the first African American major league baseball player. He joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947 and won Rookie of the Year

5. Brown v Board of Education, 1954
Brown v. Board of Education ruled that “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal”
This forced public schools across the US to integrate

6. Brown v board of education
Supreme Court cases such as Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education show how the Supreme Court helps to determine public policy.
Brown v. Board of Education
Plessy v. Ferguson

7. Brown II, 1955
After Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 many southern states requested exemption. During the Brown II case in 1955 the Supreme Court ruled that integration take place “with all deliberate speed”
This did not set an exact date that schools had to be integrated by so some schools moved as slowly as possible

8. Martin Luther Ling, Jr.
MLK emerged as a Civil Rights leaders after he helped led the Montgomery Bus Boycott

9. After the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott Martin Luther King, Jr
After the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott Martin Luther King, Jr. founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

10. Student Nonviolent coordinating committee
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) started out led by young adults especially college students
They were the primary group that staged “sit-ins” to desegregate lunch counters and department stores

11. MLK – Letter from Birmingham jail
MLK’s Letter from Birmingham Jail was in response to a letter printed in the New York Times.
MLK wrote about how Civil Rights could not wait any longer
“For years now I have heard the word ‘Wait!’ It rings out in the ear of every negro with piercing familiarity. This “Wait’ has almost always meant ‘Never.’”

12. Children Crusaders
Children also marched in Birmingham in 1963, when they were injured it was broadcasted on TV and the world was outraged this caused sympathy for the movement

13. Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders fought segregation along the interstates. The traveled from the north to the south with whites in the front and blacks in the back.
They brought about a federal ban on segregation in all interstate travel

14. Kennedy-Nixon TV debate
“Image replaced the printed word as the natural language of politics”
First Presidential Debate that was on TV

15. March on Washington, 1963
The March on Washington involved over 200,000 black and white people and was to support JFK’s proposed civil rights bill, jobs and freedom

16. Civil Rights act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender in employment and in public accommodations

17. Voting rights act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 got rid of literacy test and allowed federal help to register voters
This worked to end the last of the Jim Crow laws in the south all make sure that all African Americans had the opportunity to vote

18. Civil rights movement changes
Mid 1960’s black radicals challenged mainstream civil rights leaders and groups with the rise of black nationalism/black pride and the growing frustrations with continuing problems

19. Malcolm X
Malcom X pushed for black separatism and armed self defense “ballots or bullets”

20. Black Power
Black Power groups decided to “fight fire with fire” or respond to violence with violence

21. sncc
In 1966 the Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee had a new leaders, Stokely Carmichael. He started a slogan, “We shall overrun”

22. Miranda V. Arizona
Police officers questioned Ernesto Miranda without informing him of his rights against self-incrimination and right to an attorney – this violated his 5th and 6th Amendment rights

23. Great society programs
Presidents Johnson Great Society programs were designed to help the disadvantaged in the US

24. Great Society Programs
Medicare was one of the great society programs – it was designed to help give healthcare to the elder in the US 65 and older