2. Part III: Early Childhood Chapter 7 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

3. Focus: Wang Yani, Self- Taught Artist  Began painting at age two and a half  First exhibit at the age of four  Produced 4,000 paintings by the age of six  What influenced her success? Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

4.  How do children’s bodies change between ages 3 and 6, and what are their nutritional and dental needs? Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved, Aspects of Physical Development

5.  Bodily Growth and Change  Nutrition and Oral Health  Sleep Patterns and Problems  Motor skills Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

6. Health and Safety Minor Illnesses Accidental Injuries and Deaths Health in Context: Environmental Influences Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

7. Checkpoint: Can you… Checkpoint: Can you… Discuss several environmental influences that endanger children’s health and development? Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

8. Cognitive Development: Cognitive Advances During Early Childhood Use of symbols Understanding of number Understanding of identities Empathy Understanding of cause and effect Theory of mind Ability to classify Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

9. Piagetian Approach: The Pre- Operational Child Advances of Preoperational Thought  The Symbolic Function  Symbolic Development and Spatial Thinking  Understanding of Identities and Categorization  Number Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

10. Piagetian Approach: The Pre- Operational Child Immature Aspects of Preoperational Thought  Conservation  Egocentrism Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

11. Piagetian Approach: The Pre- Operational Child Do Young Children Have Theories of Mind?  Knowledge about Thinking and Mental States  False Beliefs and Deception  Distinguishing Between Appearance and Reality  Distinguishing Between Fantasy and Reality  Influences on Theory-of-Mind Development Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

12. Language and Other Cognitive Abilities Language Development  Vocabulary  Grammar and Syntax  Pragmatics and Social Speech  Private Speech  Delayed Language Development  Social Interaction and Preparation for Literacy Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

13. Language and Other Cognitive Abilities Information-Processing Approach: Memory Development  Recognition and Recall  Forming Childhood Memories generic memory episodic memory autobiographical memory  Influences on Autobiographical Memory Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

14. Language and Other Cognitive Abilities Intelligence: Psychometric and Vygotskian Approaches  Traditional Psychometric Measures  Influences on Measured Intelligence  Testing and Teaching Based on Vygotsky’s Theory Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

15. Checkpoint: Can you… Checkpoint: Can you… Describe two commonly used individual intelligence tests for preschoolers? Discuss several influences on measured intelligence? Explain why dynamic testing may be useful with young children, and give an example? Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

16. Early Childhood Education  Goals and Types of Preschools  Compensatory Preschool Programs  The Transition to Kindergarten Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

17. Digging Deeper Imaginary Companions Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,

18. Practically Speaking How Reliable is Children’s Eyewitness Testimony? Copyright (c) 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved,